Abstract: A computer-implemented method for protecting data stored on removable storage devices may include (1) identifying an attempt by a computing device to access encrypted data stored on a removable storage device and then, prior to allowing access to the encrypted data, (2) authenticating a user of the computing device by (a) obtaining security credentials from the user that include a time-synchronized authentication code generated by an external authentication device and (b) verifying the validity of the security credentials. Upon authenticating the user, the method may include allowing access to the encrypted data stored on the removable storage device. Various additional methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.