Patents by Inventor Ryan Lo

Ryan Lo has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

  • Patent number: 12639067
    Abstract: Code comment quality assurance includes calculating a complexity of a code portion extracting, from the code portion, one or more comments associated with the code portion, converting the one or more comments into a set of text features, quantifying the set of text features, determining, for the one or more comments, alignment between the one or more comments and the associated code portion using the quantifications of the set of text features and the complexity of the code portion, and triggering a notification responsive to the determination that the one or more comments and the associated code portion are misaligned.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 27, 2023
    Date of Patent: May 26, 2026
    Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
    Inventors: Andrew C. M. Hicks, Ryan Lo, Selvi John, Santosh Rajashekar
  • Publication number: 20250217265
    Abstract: Using complexity metrics to assess code generated using artificial intelligence includes generating, by an artificial intelligence (AI) language model, output source code based on input source code; identifying respective complexity scores for the input source code and the output source code using one or more complexity metrics; and generating, based on an evaluation of the respective complexity scores, a validation score for the output source code.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 28, 2023
    Publication date: July 3, 2025
    Inventors: ANDREW C. M. HICKS, MICHAEL GAGLIARDI, RYAN LO
  • Publication number: 20250217115
    Abstract: Systems and methods for combinatoric code generation for training artificial intelligence systems, comprising reducing a plurality of code portion combinations to a subset of code portion combinations that satisfy one or more constraints using a combinatorial reduction, generating one or more synthetic programs using the subset of code portion combinations, and training an artificial intelligence system using the synthetic programs.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 27, 2023
    Publication date: July 3, 2025
    Inventors: ANDREW C. M. HICKS, RYAN LO, MICHAEL GAGLIARDI
  • Publication number: 20250217123
    Abstract: Checking code completeness with hapax legomenon, including: receiving code generated by a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model; determining whether the code includes one or more single-use programming constructs; and flagging the code in response to the code including the one or more single-use programming constructs.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 27, 2023
    Publication date: July 3, 2025
    Inventors: ANDREW C. M. HICKS, MICHAEL GAGLIARDI, RYAN LO
  • Publication number: 20250217118
    Abstract: Tagging deterministic code in artificial intelligence-generated code, including: receiving code generated by a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model; identifying at least one portion of code by identifying at least one of: one or more portions of deterministic code or one or more portions of non-deterministic code; and tagging the identified at least one portion of code.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 27, 2023
    Publication date: July 3, 2025
    Inventors: ANDREW C. M. HICKS, RYAN LO, MICHAEL GAGLIARDI
  • Publication number: 20250217136
    Abstract: Code comment quality assurance includes calculating a complexity of a code portion extracting, from the code portion, one or more comments associated with the code portion, converting the one or more comments into a set of text features, quantifying the set of text features, determining, for the one or more comments, alignment between the one or more comments and the associated code portion using the quantifications of the set of text features and the complexity of the code portion, and triggering a notification responsive to the determination that the one or more comments and the associated code portion are misaligned.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 27, 2023
    Publication date: July 3, 2025
    Inventors: ANDREW C. M. HICKS, RYAN LO, SELVI JOHN, SANTOSH RAJASHEKAR
  • Publication number: 20250217266
    Abstract: Validating code generated by artificial intelligence using abstract syntax trees includes generating, by an artificial intelligence (AI) language model, output source code based on input source code; determining an equivalency mapping between a first abstract syntax tree (AST) constructed for the input source code and a second AST constructed for the output source code; and indicating, based on the equivalency mapping, a validation result for the output source code.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 28, 2023
    Publication date: July 3, 2025
    Inventors: ANDREW C. M. HICKS, MICHAEL GAGLIARDI, RYAN LO
  • Publication number: 20250217126
    Abstract: Large language model code translation error detection include receiving a code portion of a first programming language, and converting the code portion to a second programming language. A first accuracy of the converting of the code portion to the second programming language is calculated. A difference between the first accuracy and an historical accuracy of a conversion from the first programming language to the second programming language is determined. A potential error in the code portion of the first programming language is indicated based on the difference between the first accuracy and the historical accuracy being greater than a predetermined value is indicated.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 28, 2023
    Publication date: July 3, 2025
    Inventors: ANDREW C. M. HICKS, MICHAEL GAGLIARDI, RYAN LO
  • Publication number: 20250217127
    Abstract: Using cross-compilation to determine translation accuracy of artificial intelligence generated code includes receiving a first code portion of a first programming language, converting the first code portion to a second code portion of a second programming language by a generative artificial intelligence model, and converting the second code portion to a third code portion of the first programming language by the generative artificial intelligence model. A translation accuracy score of the converting of the first code portion to the second code portion is calculated.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 28, 2023
    Publication date: July 3, 2025
    Inventors: ANDREW C. M. HICKS, MICHAEL GAGLIARDI, RYAN LO, DESMOND FITZPATRICK
  • Publication number: 20110034273
    Abstract: A golf club head having a cavity back design with a cavity therein for placement of lightweight dual-durometer silicone. The club head is prepared by brushing an adhesive onto the interior wall, but omitting a pre-selected area of the wall to allow silicone to shrink away at the omitted area to allow for control of the shrinkage. A first shot of 80 Shore A silicone is placed into the cavity and disposed against the interior wall. Next, a softer 50 Shore A silicone is juxtaposed against the first shot of silicone and it is pressed using a hot mold finishing tool wherein a substantial portion of the cavity is filled. A polycarbonate insert is attached to an outer surface of the second silicone to provide a zero gap appearance. A tan delta ratio of the first silicone to the second silicone is greater than 1.6. A storage modulus of the first silicone is at least three times greater than the second silicone. And, a loss modulus of the first silicone is at least ten times the second silicone.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 24, 2010
    Publication date: February 10, 2011
    Applicant: COBRA GOLF, INCORPORATED
    Inventors: Karl A. Clausen, Ryan Lo, Thomas C. Morris
  • Patent number: 7803068
    Abstract: A golf club head having a cavity back design with a cavity therein for placement of lightweight dual-durometer silicone. The club head is prepared by brushing an adhesive onto the interior wall, but omitting a pre-selected area of the wall to allow silicone to shrink away at the omitted area to allow for control of the shrinkage. A first shot of 80 Shore A silicone is placed into the cavity and disposed against the interior wall. Next, a softer 50 Shore A silicone is juxtaposed against the first shot of silicone and it is pressed using a hot mold finishing tool wherein a substantial portion of the cavity is filled. A polycarbonate insert is attached to an outer surface of the second silicone to provide a zero gap appearance. A tan delta ratio of the first silicone to the second silicone is greater than 1.6. A storage modulus of the first silicone is at least three times greater than the second silicone. And, a loss modulus of the first silicone is at least ten times the second silicone.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 22, 2007
    Date of Patent: September 28, 2010
    Assignee: Cobra Golf, Inc.
    Inventors: Karl A. Clausen, Ryan Lo, Thomas C. Morris
  • Publication number: 20080318708
    Abstract: A golf club head having a cavity back design with a cavity therein for placement of lightweight dual-durometer silicone. The club head is prepared by brushing an adhesive onto the interior wall, but omitting a pre-selected area of the wall to allow silicone to shrink away at the omitted area to allow for control of the shrinkage. A first shot of 80 Shore A silicone is placed into the cavity and disposed against the interior wall. Next, a softer 50 Shore A silicone is juxtaposed against the first shot of silicone and it is pressed using a hot mold finishing tool wherein a substantial portion of the cavity is filled. A polycarbonate insert is attached to an outer surface of the second silicone to provide a zero gap appearance. A tan delta ratio of the first silicone to the second silicone is greater than 1.6. A storage modulus of the first silicone is at least three times greater than the second silicone. And, a loss modulus of the first silicone is at least ten times the second silicone.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 22, 2007
    Publication date: December 25, 2008
    Inventors: Karl A. Clausen, Ryan Lo, Thomas C. Morris