Abstract: Cookware and other heating articles are included herein. The article may have a substrate forming a bottom surface of the cookware. The article may also have a graphite intermediate layer and cooking/heating surface disposed above the intermediate layers. The graphite layer may have one or more of the following properties: (1) a density of at least 0.64 g/cm3; (2) a water pick-up of a less than 30% by weight after a 2.5 hour soak in water at ambient conditions; (3) a Taber stiffness in the machine direction at least 25% higher than in the transverse direction; and (4) a sulfur content of less than 350 ppm and any combination thereof.

Abstract: Cookware and other heating articles are included herein. The article may have a substrate forming a bottom surface of the cookware. The article may also have a graphite intermediate layer and cooking/heating surface disposed above the intermediate layers. The graphite layer may have one or more of the following properties: (1) a density of at least 0.64 g/cm3; (2) a water pick-up of a less than 30% by weight after a 2.5 hour soak in water at ambient conditions; (3) a Taber stiffness in the machine direction at least 25% higher than in the transverse direction; and (4) a sulfur content of less than 350 ppm and any combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention comprises a novel method for creating an indicator fixed ion-exchange membrane, the indicator fixed ion-exchange membrane and a fuel cell testing device utilizing the novel membrane. The method for creating the indicator fixed membrane includes dissolving the indicator in a solvent, contacting an ion-exchange membrane with the indicator-solvent solution, and fixing the indicator of the combined solution and membrane to create an indicator fixed ion-exchange membrane. The claimed membrane product includes an indicator fixed ion-exchange membrane created by the above method. A fuel cell testing device using the novel membrane is both a cost efficient and effective means for determining at least one fuel cell component characteristic.