Abstract: An optical scanning device configured to expose a charged surface of a photosensitive member to form an electrostatic latent image includes a light source configured to emit light, a deflector configured to deflect the light emitted from the light source, a driving unit configured to rotationally drive the deflector, a control substrate provided with the driving unit and the deflector and configured to control the driving unit, a cover member configured to cover the deflector, a casing on which the control substrate is mounted, a fixing portion configured to fix the control substrate to the casing, and a plurality of engagement members configured to jointly engage and fix the cover member and the control substrate to the casing such that the cover member is detachably attached.

Abstract: A ship monitoring system includes: a shipboard information processing apparatus and including a shipboard communication unit and an information acquisition unit; and a support information processing apparatus and including: a support side communication unit capable of communicating with the shipboard communication unit; a time lag identification unit; and a state prediction unit. The time lag identification unit identifies a time from transmission of the ship motion information from the shipboard communication unit to reception of the ship motion information by the support side communication unit as a reception time lag. The state prediction unit inputs the ship motion information and the reception time lag to a ship motion model related to the ship motion of the ship to predict a motion state of the ship ahead of a motion state of the ship indicated by the ship motion information by a period of time based on the reception time lag.

Abstract: In a ship control system of one embodiment, a route command unit outputs a route command including a target ship position and a target bow direction of a ship. An information detector detects ship information including an actual ship position and an actual bow direction of a ship. An external force vector estimation unit estimates an external force vector received by a ship, using the ship information and a hull motion model related to a hull motion of the ship. A control command unit controls both rotational frequency of a main engine and a rudder angle of a ship, based on the route command, the ship information, and the external force vector.

Abstract: In a ship control system of one embodiment, a main engine controller performs, when controlling the rotational frequency of a main engine based on a target ship speed of a ship, feedback control of an actual ship speed of the ship to perform ship speed control for bringing the actual ship speed closer to the target ship speed. A turning judgment unit judges whether or not the ship will turn. A control change unit performs, when the turning judgment unit has judged that the ship will turn, lowering processing for lowering the responsiveness of the ship speed control.

Abstract: An optical driving apparatus includes an actuator configured to drive an optical element holder in an optical axis direction, a first rolling member and a second rolling member each fixed rollably to the optical element holder, a first guide member configured to guide the optical element holder in the optical axis direction, a second guide member configured to restrict the optical element holder from rotating around the first guide member, a first biasing member configured to generate a first biasing force to press the first rolling member against the first guide member, and a second biasing member configured to generate a second biasing force to press the second rolling member against the second guide member. The first biasing member generates the first biasing force as a magnetic force. A reaction force of the second biasing force acts on the actuator.

Abstract: A vibration type motor has a vibrator; a frictional member, a pressurization unit that causes the vibrator and the frictional member to come into pressure-contact with each other, a retaining member that retains the frictional member, and a fixing unit that fixes the friction member to the retaining member, and the vibrator and the frictional member make relative movement by the vibrator being vibrated. The frictional member has a first area including an area that contacts the vibrator and a second area including an area that is retained by the retaining member. A size of the first area in an orthogonal direction that is orthogonal to both the direction of the relative movement and a pressure direction of the pressurization unit is smaller than a size of the second area in the orthogonal direction.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor including: a vibrator; a friction member; a pressurizing mechanism; a first holding mechanism; and a second holding mechanism, wherein the vibrator and the friction member are configured to perform relative movement with respect to each other, wherein the first holding mechanism includes a first holding portion and a second holding portion which is longer than the first holding portion in a direction of the relative movement, wherein the friction member is arranged between the first holding portion and the second holding portion, wherein the first holding portion includes a first restriction portion, wherein the second holding portion includes a second restriction portion, and wherein the first restriction portion and the second restriction portion are brought into abutment against the second holding mechanism to restrict movement in directions other than the direction of the relative movement of the vibrator and the first holding mechanism.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor including: a vibrator; a friction member configured to be brought into frictional contact with the vibrator; a first holding member holding the vibrator; a second holding member holding the first holding member; and a third holding member holding the second holding member, wherein the vibrator and the friction member move relative to each other, and wherein one side of the second holding member is configured to connect to the first holding member or the third holding member at a position where the second holding member overlaps the rectangular shape portion in a direction of the relative movement, and another side of the second holding member is configured to connect to the first holding member or the third holding member at a position where the second holding member overlaps the rectangular shape portion in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor, including: a vibrator including a piezoelectric element and a vibrating plate; a friction member, which includes a friction-contact surface to be brought into contact with the vibrator, and is configured to perform relative movement with respect to the vibrator by vibration generated by the vibrator; and a guide mechanism, which includes a first guide member, a second guide member, and a rolling member arranged between the first guide member and the second guide member, and is configured to guide the relative movement, wherein the first guide member includes a groove portion formed of a first surface and a second surface to be brought into contact with the rolling member, and wherein the first surface is longer than the second surface in a direction of the relative movement.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor, including: a vibrator; a friction member, which is in friction contact with the vibrator; a pressurizing unit, which is configured to pressurize the vibrator against the friction member; and a guiding unit, which is configured to guide relative movement between the vibrator and the friction member, wherein the relative movement between the vibrator and the friction member is caused by vibration generated by the vibrator, and wherein the guiding unit holds the friction member and has fixing portions, and the fixing portions are formed in the guiding unit in vicinities of both ends of the guiding unit sandwiching the friction member.

Abstract: A vibration wave motor includes a vibrator, a friction member having a sliding surface, a guide member, a flexible substrate, and a fixing member configured to fix the friction member, the guide member, and the flexible substrate. The vibrator and the friction member move relative to each other in a predetermined direction. The fixing member includes a substrate-fixing portion configured to fix the flexible substrate, which includes a joint portion, an extending portion extending along the predetermined direction, a bent portion configured to reverse and turn back the extending portion, and a fixed portion to be fixed to the substrate-fixing portion. The flexible substrate is fixed on a surface of the substrate-fixing portion provided in a direction opposite to a direction in which the vibrator is brought into pressure-contact with the friction member.

Abstract: A vibration wave motor includes a first holding member; a second holding member; a first regulating region; and a second regulating region, wherein a position of a first contact region of the first holding member, which comes into contact with the first regulating region, is different from a position of a second contact region of the second holding member, which comes into contact with the second regulating region, and wherein a position of the first regulating region is different from a position of the second regulating region in the relative movement direction so that, in the relative movement direction, a difference between a distance from the first contact region to the first regulating region and a distance from the second contact region to the second regulating region is shorter than a difference between the position of the first contact region and the position of the second contact region.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor including: a vibrator; a friction member that comes into frictional contact with the vibrator; a press member that pressurizes the vibrator and the friction member into frictional contact with each other; a first guide member and a second guide member that guide the vibrator and the friction member so as to allow relative movement of the vibrator and the friction member; a hold member that holds the friction member and the first guide member; and a fixing member. The friction member and the first guide member are fixed to the hold member with the fixing member.

Abstract: An optical driving apparatus includes an actuator configured to drive an optical element holder in an optical axis direction, a first rolling member and a second rolling member each fixed rollably to the optical element holder, a first guide member configured to guide the optical element holder in the optical axis direction, a second guide member configured to restrict the optical element holder from rotating around the first guide member, a first biasing member configured to generate a first biasing force to press the first rolling member against the first guide member, and a second biasing member configured to generate a second biasing force to press the second rolling member against the second guide member. The first biasing member generates the first biasing force as a magnetic force. A reaction force of the second biasing force acts on the actuator.

Abstract: A vibration type motor has a vibrator; a frictional member, a pressurization unit that causes the vibrator and the frictional member to come into pressure-contact with each other, a retaining member that retains the frictional member, and a fixing unit that fixes the friction member to the retaining member, and the vibrator and the frictional member make relative movement by the vibrator being vibrated. The frictional member has a first area including an area that contacts the vibrator and a second area including an area that is retained by the retaining member. A size of the first area in an orthogonal direction that is orthogonal to both the direction of the relative movement and a pressure direction of the pressurization unit is smaller than a size of the second area in the orthogonal direction.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor including: a vibrator; a friction member configured to be brought into frictional contact with the vibrator; a first holding member holding the vibrator; a second holding member holding the first holding member; and a third holding member holding the second holding member, wherein the vibrator and the friction member move relative to each other, and wherein one side of the second holding member is configured to connect to the first holding member or the third holding member at a position where the second holding member overlaps the rectangular shape portion in a direction of the relative movement, and another side of the second holding member is configured to connect to the first holding member or the third holding member at a position where the second holding member overlaps the rectangular shape portion in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor including: a vibrator; a friction member; a pressurizing mechanism; a first holding mechanism; and a second holding mechanism, wherein the vibrator and the friction member are configured to perform relative movement with respect to each other, wherein the first holding mechanism includes a first holding portion and a second holding portion which is longer than the first holding portion in a direction of the relative movement, wherein the friction member is arranged between the first holding portion and the second holding portion, wherein the first holding portion includes a first restriction portion, wherein the second holding portion includes a second restriction portion, and wherein the first restriction portion and the second restriction portion are brought into abutment against the second holding mechanism to restrict movement in directions other than the direction of the relative movement of the vibrator and the first holding mechanism.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor including: a vibrator; a friction member having a sliding surface; a guide member; a flexible substrate; and a fixing member configured to fix the friction member, the guide member, and the flexible substrate, wherein the vibrator and the friction member move relative to each other in a second direction, wherein the fixing member includes a substrate-fixing portion configured to fix the flexible substrate, wherein the flexible substrate includes: a joint portion; a first extending portion extending along the second direction; a bent portion configured to reverse and turn back the first extending portion; and a fixed portion to be fixed to the substrate-fixing portion, and wherein the flexible substrate is fixed on a surface of the substrate-fixing portion provided in a direction opposite to a direction in which the vibrator is brought into pressure-contact with the friction member.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor, including: a vibrator including a piezoelectric element and a vibrating plate; a friction member, which includes a friction-contact surface to be brought into contact with the vibrator, and is configured to perform relative movement with respect to the vibrator by vibration generated by the vibrator; and a guide mechanism, which includes a first guide member, a second guide member, and a rolling member arranged between the first guide member and the second guide member, and is configured to guide the relative movement, wherein the first guide member includes a groove portion formed of a first surface and a second surface to be brought into contact with the rolling member, and wherein the first surface is longer than the second surface in a direction of the relative movement.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration wave motor including: a first holding member; a second holding member; a first regulating region; and a second regulating region, wherein a position of a first contact region of the first holding member, which comes into contact with the first regulating region, is different from a position of a second contact region of the second holding member, which comes into contact with the second regulating region, and wherein a position of the first regulating region is different from a position of the second regulating region in the relative movement direction so that, in the relative movement direction, a difference between a distance from the first contact region to the first regulating region and a distance from the second contact region to the second regulating region is smaller than a difference between the position of the first contact region and the position of the second contact region.