Abstract: An electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to face the first electrode with a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrochromic layer disposed on or above the first electrode, including conductor or semiconductor nano-structures and an electrochromic compound; and an electrolyte layer including an electrolyte, disposed between the first electrochromic layer and the second electrode, wherein the electrochromic compound is a compound represented by General Formula 1, and an anion of the electrolyte is a monovalent anion having oxidation potential higher than reduction potential of a dication of General Formula 1 by 3.1 V or greater, where X? is a monovalent anion having oxidation potential higher than reduction potential of the dication of General Formula 1 by 3.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer with little lot-to-lot variation in weight average molecular weight.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reproduce vehicle behavioral frequencies during a vehicle test that are close to those on a road. Vehicle restraining devices 1 restrain a vehicle 3 provided on a chassis dynamometer 2 and are each provided with a first attachment member 4, a support post unit 5, a second attachment member 6 and a buffer unit 7. The first attachment members 4 are attached to right and left front end portions and rear end portions of the vehicle 3. The second attachment members 6 are attached to the support post units 5. The buffer units 7 are provided between the first attachment members 4 and the second attachment members 6. Further, the buffer units 7 are filled with air and can be compressed freely.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reproduce vehicle behavioral frequencies during a vehicle test that are close to those on a road. Vehicle restraining devices 1 restrain a vehicle 3 provided on a chassis dynamometer 2 and are each provided with a first attachment member 4, a support post unit 5, a second attachment member 6 and a buffer unit 7. The first attachment members 4 are attached to right and left front end portions and rear end portions of the vehicle 3. The second attachment members 6 are attached to the support post units 5. The buffer units 7 are provided between the first attachment members 4 and the second attachment members 6. Further, the buffer units 7 are filled with air and can be compressed freely.

Abstract: A corner reflector includes: annular hollow balloons having flexibility and airtightness, and when gas is supplied therein, the annular hollow balloons expand with pressure of the gas to be an annular shape; and a radio wave reflection film having an outer edge part that is attached to the annular hollow balloons so that expansion of the annular hollow balloons makes the radio wave reflection film unfold over a plane of the annular shape. The three of the annular hollow balloons are provided so as to be mutually orthogonal after expansion. Binding members are attached to outer faces of the annular hollow balloons, the binding members being for preventing expansion of the annular hollow balloons beyond their limit volume.

Abstract: A corner reflector includes: a radio wave reflection film having three reflection faces that are mutually orthogonal, and an unfolding device which unfolds the radio wave reflection film three-dimensionally. The corner reflector further includes: a canopy that unfolds concurrently with unfolding of the radio wave reflection film, and the canopy is connected to the unfolding device so as to partially overlie the radio wave reflection film.

Abstract: A corner reflector includes: annular hollow balloons having flexibility and airtightness, and when gas is supplied therein, the annular hollow balloons expand with pressure of the gas to be an annular shape; and a radio wave reflection film having an outer edge part that is attached to the annular hollow balloons so that expansion of the annular hollow balloons makes the radio wave reflection film unfold over a plane of the annular shape. The three of the annular hollow balloons are provided so as to be mutually orthogonal after expansion. Binding members are attached to outer faces of the annular hollow balloons, the binding members being for preventing expansion of the annular hollow balloons beyond their limit volume.

Abstract: A corner reflector includes: a radio wave reflection film having three reflection faces that are mutually orthogonal, and an unfolding device which unfolds the radio wave reflection film three-dimensionally. The corner reflector further includes: a canopy that unfolds concurrently with unfolding of the radio wave reflection film, and the canopy is connected to the unfolding device so as to partially overlie the radio wave reflection film.

Abstract: A graphing calculation apparatus comprises a mode setting unit which sets one of a manual mode and an automatic mode based on an instruction made by a user. A key data input unit inputs key data entered by the user. The input key data is stored in a key data storing unit in association with the set mode. Calculation of a function is performed based on the stored key data, and a guide display unit displays the stored key-data as guide data. For displaying the key data associated with the manual mode, when the key data corresponding to the guide data is input, subsequent key data is displayed as guide data. For displaying the key data associated with the automatic mode, the guide data is automatically input in succession and subsequent key data is sequentially displayed as guide data.

Abstract: A graphing calculator includes: a touchscreen display unit having a formula display area and a graph display area; a formula input section configured to receive a calculation formula; a formula display control section configured to control the touchscreen display unit to display the calculation formula in the formula display area; a formula drag determining section configured to determine whether the calculation formula is dragged to the graph display area; a function calculating section configured to perform a calculation corresponding to a type of a function included in the calculation formula; a range setting section configured to set coordinate ranges to be used for generating a graph image; and a graph display control section configured to generate a graph image corresponding to the calculation formula and the calculation result according to the coordinate ranges.

Abstract: A function calculator includes a display unit and an input unit which inputs an arithmetic expression containing a function in accordance with user operation. When the input unit inputs an arithmetic expression, the calculator causes the display unit to display the arithmetic expression upon the input operation. The function calculator then determines whether the cursor present on the arithmetic expression displayed on the display unit is located at a portion corresponding to a function. Upon determining that the cursor is at a portion corresponding to a function, the calculator displays format explanatory information about the function on another window on the display unit.

Abstract: A graphing calculation apparatus comprises a mode setting unit which sets one of a manual mode and an automatic mode based on an instruction made by a user. A key data input unit inputs key data entered by the user. The input key data is stored in a key data storing unit in association with the set mode. Calculation of a function is performed based on the stored key data, and a guide display unit displays the stored key-data as guide data. For displaying the key data associated with the manual mode, when the key data corresponding to the guide data is input, subsequent key data is displayed as guide data. For displaying the key data associated with the automatic mode, the guide data is automatically input in succession and subsequent key data is sequentially displayed as guide data.