Abstract: The present disclosure promotes distribution of sensor data among a plurality of business operators. A controller that an information processing system according to the present disclosure includes collects first data including a plurality of items and personal information from mobile bodies belonging to a first business operator. The controller converts the first data to second data not being usable to identify individuals. The controller provides data in a range decided based on content of a predetermined data use contract, among the second data, to a second business operator. The controller calculates a consideration for the data that is to be paid by the second business operator, based on a data use record of the second business operator.

Abstract: A pressure detector including a case connectable to a flow route and attachable to a predetermined attaching surface; and a membrane member attached inside the case and with which a liquid-phase portion to be supplied with the liquid in the flow route and a gas-phase portion to be supplied with gas are separated from each other, the membrane member being displaceable in accordance with a pressure of the liquid supplied to the liquid-phase portion, the pressure detector detecting the pressure of the liquid in the flow route by detecting a pressure in the gas-phase portion. The pressure detector includes an inlet port including a connecting portion connectable to the flow route, and a flow-route portion through which the liquid flows into an inlet opening of the liquid-phase portion; and an outlet port including a connecting portion connectable to the flow route, and a flow-route portion through which the liquid having flowed into the liquid-phase portion is discharged from an outlet opening.

Abstract: A pressure detector that includes a case connectable to a flow route for liquid, and a membrane member provided in the case and with which a liquid-phase portion to be supplied with the liquid in the flow route and a gas-phase portion to be supplied with gas are separated from each other, the membrane member being displaceable in accordance with a pressure of the liquid supplied to the liquid-phase portion, the pressure detector detecting the pressure of the liquid in the flow route by detecting a pressure in the gas-phase portion. The gas-phase portion has an opening through which the gas is allowed to be introduced or discharged in accordance with the displacement of the membrane member, and a secured portion secured for the introduction or discharge of the gas through the opening during the displacement of the membrane member toward a side of the gas-phase portion.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method having high efficiency and versatility for a peptide thioester and peptide. The present invention provides a method for producing a peptide thioester, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a peptide thioester having a CGC triplet at the C-terminal; (2) causing a transfer between an SH group of the C-terminal cysteine and a carbonyl group of the glycine in the CGC triplet to obtain an R-X-CG-thioester; and (3) causing, in the R-X-CG-thioester, a transfer between the SH group of the cysteine and a carbonyl group of X, and a transfer between an amino group of the cysteine and a thiol group of the glycine to obtain a peptide thioester, and a method for producing a peptide using the peptide thioester produced by this method.

Abstract: A quantum absorption spectroscopy system (100) includes a laser light source (1), a quantum optical system (201), a photodetector (31), and a controller (4). The laser light source (1) emits pump light. The quantum optical system (201) includes a nonlinear optical crystal (23) that generates a quantum entangled photon pair of a signal photon and an idler photon by irradiation with pump light, and a moving mirror (25) that changes a phase of the idler photon, and causes quantum interference between a plurality of physical processes in which the quantum entangled photon pair is generated. The photodetector (31) detects the signal photon when the phase of the idler photon is changed by the nonlinear optical crystal (23) in a state where a sample is disposed on an optical path of the idler photon, and outputs a quantum interference signal corresponding to the detected number of photons.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an amino acid polymer more simply and efficiently compared to conventional methods for manufacturing amino acid polymers. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an amino acid polymer with thioacid amino acids. Specifically, the manufacturing method of the present invention comprises (A) a step of preparing first and second thioacid amino acids, (B) a step of subjecting said first and second thioacid amino acids to an oxidation reaction to obtain an amino acid polymer linked by peptide bonds. The manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized in that it partially uses thioacid amino acids that do not possess a protecting group.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an amino acid polymer more simply and efficiently compared to conventional methods for manufacturing amino acid polymers. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an amino acid polymer with thioacid amino acids. Specifically, the manufacturing method of the present invention comprises (A) a step of preparing first and second thioacid amino acids, (B) a step of subjecting said first and second thioacid amino acids to an oxidation reaction to obtain an amino acid polymer linked by peptide bonds. The manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized in that it partially uses thioacid amino acids that do not possess a protecting group.

Abstract: A process for chemically converting a peptide chain into a peptide thioester includes, when a —C(?X)—R1 group is introduced to the thiol group of the cysteine residue and then the resulting peptide is reacted with a compound having a leaving group represented by the formula: —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 in an organic solvent, the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group binds via addition reaction to the carboxyl group of the N-terminal-side peptide bond of the cysteine residue, whereby the peptide bond is cleaved and the C-terminal-side peptide fragment is cut off. Further, when the resulting peptide chain having the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group is reacted with a thiol in a buffer solution, a thiol exchange reaction occurs, namely, the thiol group of the thiol binds to the carbonyl carbon to which the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group has bound, whereby the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group is eliminated.

Abstract: A method for efficiently manufacturing a polypeptide fragment suitable for the NCL method includes a step of reacting a polypeptide containing a first polypeptide fragment having cysteine at the N-terminal and a second polypeptide fragment linked via an intervening sequence -Cys-W-(His)n-Z-Met- with CNBr to obtain a first polypeptide fragment having cysteine at the N-terminal and a third polypeptide fragment, and a step of sequentially reacting the third polypeptide fragment with a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) to obtain a second polypeptide fragment having the C-terminal modified.

Abstract: A process for chemically converting a peptide chain into a peptide thioester includes, when a —C(?X)—R1 group is introduced to the thiol group of the cysteine residue and then the resulting peptide is reacted with a compound having a leaving group represented by the formula: —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 in an organic solvent, the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group binds via addition reaction to the carboxyl group of the N-terminal-side peptide bond of the cysteine residue, whereby the peptide bond is cleaved and the C-terminal-side peptide fragment is cut off. Further, when the resulting peptide chain having the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group is reacted with a thiol in a buffer solution, a thiol exchange reaction occurs, namely, the thiol group of the thiol binds to the carbonyl carbon to which the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group has bound, whereby the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group is eliminated.

Abstract: A process for chemically converting a peptide chain into a peptide thioester includes, when a —C(?X)—R1 group is introduced to the thiol group of the cysteine residue and then the resulting peptide is reacted with a compound having a leaving group represented by the formula: —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 in an organic solvent, the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group binds via addition reaction to the carboxyl group of the N-terminal-side peptide bond of the cysteine residue, whereby the peptide bond is cleaved and the C-terminal-side peptide fragment is cut off. Further, when the resulting peptide chain having the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group is reacted with a thiol in a buffer solution, a thiol exchange reaction occurs, namely, the thiol group of the thiol binds to the carbonyl carbon to which the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group has bound, whereby the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group is eliminated.

Abstract: A process for chemically converting a peptide chain into a peptide thioester includes, when a —C(?X)—R1 group is introduced to the thiol group of the cysteine residue and then the resulting peptide is reacted with a compound having a leaving group represented by the formula: —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 in an organic solvent, the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group binds via addition reaction to the carboxyl group of the N-terminal-side peptide bond of the cysteine residue, whereby the peptide bond is cleaved and the C-terminal-side peptide fragment is cut off. Further, when the resulting peptide chain having the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group is reacted with a thiol in a buffer solution, a thiol exchange reaction occurs, namely, the thiol group of the thiol binds to the carbonyl carbon to which the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group has bound, whereby the —NH—C(?Y)NHR3 group is eliminated.