Abstract: [Problem] An object of the present invention is to provide a foam including a thermoplastic resin and rubber as a main component, in which a micronized product of a cellulose fiber is uniformly dispersed, and uniformity and mechanical properties are excellent. [Solution] A foam includes a modified cellulose fiber (A) covalently bonded with a diene-based polymer, a thermoplastic resin and/or rubber (B), and a diene-based polymer (C) having a functional group capable of covalently bonding with a cellulose fiber, in which the fiber (A) is micronized, the fiber (A) has a content of 0.05 to 20% by mass, and the thermoplastic resin and/or rubber (B) has a glass transition point of ?130° C. to 120° C.

Abstract: A lubricant solid contains, in a content of 92 mass % or more and 100 mass % or less, a lubricant having a polygonal network bond structure.

Abstract: A roll member includes a conductive elastic layer, and a surface layer provided on the conductive elastic layer. The surface layer contains a crosslinked product of crosslinkable nylon, the crosslinking degree of the surface layer specified by formula (1) below is 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less, and the thermal degradation index of the surface layer specified by formula (2) below is 2.1 or more and 2.3 or less.

Abstract: A lubricant solid contains, in a content of 92 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less, a lubricant having a polygonal network bond structure.

Abstract: A roll member includes a conductive elastic layer, and a surface layer provided on the conductive elastic layer. The surface layer contains a crosslinked product of crosslinkable nylon, the crosslinking degree of the surface layer specified by formula (1) below is 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less, and the thermal degradation index of the surface layer specified by formula (2) below is 2.1 or more and 2.3 or less.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes an annular polyimide resin base layer having a lower imidization ratio in the outer peripheral surface than in a central portion in the thickness direction, a metal layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the polyimide resin base layer, and an elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes an annular polyimide resin base layer having a lower imidization ratio in the outer peripheral surface than in a central portion in the thickness direction, a metal layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the polyimide resin base layer, and an elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes an annular resin base layer having a water absorption rate of 3% or less, a metal layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the resin base layer, and an elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes an annular resin base layer having a water absorption rate of 3% or less, a metal layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the resin base layer, and an elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: A memory system includes a first memory, a second memory, and a first circuit. The first memory includes a memory cell array including memory cell transistors, and a peripheral circuit configured to read data of a plurality of bits stored in a memory cell transistor of the memory cell array based on a comparison between threshold voltages of the memory cell transistor and at least a part of n determination voltages (n?3). The first circuit is configured to calculate an estimated value of each of n?m determination voltages based on values of m determination voltages (2?m?n?1) among the n determination voltages, and calculate a difference between a value of each of the n?m determination voltages and a corresponding estimated value. The second memory is configured to store values of the m determination voltages and the difference for each of the n?m determination voltages.

Abstract: A memory system includes a first memory, a second memory, and a first circuit. The first memory includes a memory cell array including memory cell transistors, and a peripheral circuit configured to read data of a plurality of bits stored in a memory cell transistor of the memory cell array based on a comparison between threshold voltages of the memory cell transistor and at least a part of n determination voltages (n?3). The first circuit is configured to calculate an estimated value of each of n?m determination voltages based on values of m determination voltages (2?m?n?1) among the n determination voltages, and calculate a difference between a value of each of the n?m determination voltages and a corresponding estimated value. The second memory is configured to store values of the m determination voltages and the difference for each of the n?m determination voltages.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; a charge generating layer provided on the conductive substrate; a charge transporting layer provided on the charge generating layer, which is configured to include a charge transporting material and a polycarbonate; and an outermost surface layer provided on the charge transporting layer, which is constituted with a cured film formed of a composition including a chain polymerizable compound having at least a charge transporting skeleton and a chain polymerizable functional group in the same molecule, and has an A value represented by the following equation (1) being from 0.1 to 0.3, and a B value represented by the following equation (2) being 0.02 or less, each of which is determined by an Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: A=(S1/S13)?(S0/S03)??Equation (1) B=S2/S23??Equation (2).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; a charge generating layer provided on the conductive substrate; a charge transporting layer provided on the charge generating layer, which is configured to include a charge transporting material and a polycarbonate; and an outermost surface layer provided on the charge transporting layer, which is constituted with a cured film formed of a composition including a chain polymerizable compound having at least a charge transporting skeleton and a chain polymerizable functional group in the same molecule, and has an A value represented by the following equation (1) being from 0.1 to 0.3, and a B value represented by the following equation (2) being 0.02 or less, each of which is determined by an Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: A=(S1/S13)?(S0/S03)??Equation (1) B=S2/S23??Equation (2).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier; a charger that electrically charges the image carrier; an image forming section that forms an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier and develops the electrostatic latent image; a transferring-fixing section that transfers the image from the image carrier and fix the image onto a recording medium; a cleaning member; and a cleaning member moving section. The cleaning member cleans an unnecessary substance adhering onto a surface of the image carrier by abutting against the surface of the image carrier, and is capable of moving between an abutment position and a separation position where the cleaning member is separated from the image carrier. The cleaning member moving section moves the cleaning member from the separation position to the abutment position in accordance with a surface resistance of the surface of the image carrier.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier; a charger that electrically charges the image carrier; an image forming section that forms an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier and develops the electrostatic latent image; a transferring-fixing section that transfers the image from the image carrier and fix the image onto a recording medium; a cleaning member; and a cleaning member moving section. The cleaning member cleans an unnecessary substance adhering onto a surface of the image carrier by abutting against the surface of the image carrier, and is capable of moving between an abutment position and a separation position where the cleaning member is separated from the image carrier. The cleaning member moving section moves the cleaning member from the separation position to the abutment position in accordance with a surface resistance of the surface of the image carrier.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention comprises a conductive support and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer on the farthest side from the conductive support, includes a phenol derivative-containing layer which contains a phenol derivative having a methylol group and a charge transport material having at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, a thiol group and an amino group. An infrared absorption spectrum of the phenol derivative-containing layer satisfies the conditions represented by the following formula (1): (P2/P1)?0.2??(1) P1 is an absorbance of a maximum absorption peak in a range of 1560 cm?1 to 1640 cm?1, and P2 is an absorbance of a maximum absorption peak in a range of 1645 cm?1 to 1700 cm?1.