Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer carrying roller rotatable in a first rotating direction, and a developer regulating member which controls a thickness of a developer layer carried on a surface of the developer carrying roller. The developer regulating member has a developer layer thickness regulating part abutting with the surface of the developer carrying roller and a projecting part. The projecting part extends towards an upstream side in the first rotating direction from the abutting part, and a non-contacting gap is formed between the projecting part and the surface of the developer carrying roller. The projecting part has a concave shape at a side facing the developer carrying roller that follows an arc-shaped surface of the developer carrying roller and forms a portion having a gap width H and a continuous length L.

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes a developer carrying roller rotatable in a first rotating direction, and a developer regulating member which regulates a thickness of a developer layer carried on the developer carrying roller, wherein at least a part of the developer regulating member is in pressure contact with a surface of the developer carrying roller to form an abutting portion between the developer carrying roller and the developer regulating member, the abutting portion having an abutting width W in a circumferential direction of the developer carrying member of 1.0 to 5.0 mm, wherein in the abutting portion, an abutting pressure has a maximum value in a first area, the first area having a width of 20% or less of the abutting width W from an upstream edge of the abutting portion in the rotating direction, and wherein an abutting pressure in a second area is 0.08 to 0.18 MPa.

Abstract: A developing member includes a conductive substrate, a conductive elastic layer on the conductive substrate, and a plurality of insulating domains on the conductive elastic layer, wherein the surface of the developing member includes the surfaces of the insulating domains and an exposed portion of the conductive elastic layer not covered with the insulating domains. The conductive elastic layer contains a resin and an anion, wherein the resin has a specific cationic structure synthesized from an ion conductive agent composed of a cation including at least one reactive functional group and an anion and a compound that can react to the ion conductive agent.

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes: a developing roller rotatable in a first rotation direction; and a developer regulating member, wherein the developing roller includes: a substrate; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate; and insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, wherein the electro-conductive elastic layer has a certain Martens hardness, the developing roller has a surface including surfaces of the insulating domains and a surface of the electro-conductive elastic layer, which is uncovered with the insulating domains at a certain area ratio, wherein the developer regulating member comprises: an abutting portion which is in contact with the surface of the developing roller, and a certain projection portion extending to an upstream side from the abutting portion in the first rotation direction, the developing apparatus has a certain gap between a side of the projection portion facing to the developing roller, and the surface of the developing roller.

Abstract: It is directed to providing a developing roller capable of forming a high-quality electrophotographic image. The developing roller includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrical insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The developing roller has a length L of 200 mm or more in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction thereof. The surface of the developing roller includes the surfaces of the domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer, the exposed portion being uncovered with the domains. The developing roller has protrusions on the surface thereof, the protrusion being formed by the domains. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a plurality of protrusions at the exposed portion. The developing roller has an Asker C hardness of 50 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes a developer carrying member carrying a developer on the surface thereof, a developing frame member rotatably supporting the developer carrying member, and accommodating the developer, and a regulating member fixed to the developing frame member to regulate the developer carried on the developer carrying member, the regulating member has a projecting part, having an abutting part arranged to abut the developer carrying member, and an opposing surface, arranged to face the developer carrying member connected to the projecting part and including an end disposed as a free end, positioned on the downstream side in the rotational direction of the developer carrying member from the projecting part, and the opposing surface being a surface having no point of reverse curve in which the distance between the opposing surface and the developer carrying member is constant or decreases with distance from the projecting part.

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes: a developing roller rotatable in a first rotation direction; and a developer regulating member, wherein the developing roller includes: a substrate; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate; and insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, wherein the electro-conductive elastic layer has a certain Martens hardness, the developing roller has a surface including surfaces of the insulating domains and a surface of the electro-conductive elastic layer, which is uncovered with the insulating domains at a certain area ratio, wherein the developer regulating member comprises: an abutting portion which is in contact with the surface of the developing roller, and a certain projection portion extending to an upstream side from the abutting portion in the first rotation direction, the developing apparatus has a certain gap between a side of the projection portion facing to the developing roller, and the surface of the developing roller.

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes a developer carrying roller rotatable in a first rotating direction, and a developer regulating member which controls the thickness of a developer layer, the developer regulating member having a developer layer thickness regulating part and a projecting part, and having an abutting part with the surface of the developer carrying roller at the developer layer thickness regulating part, and the projecting part having a concave shape at a side facing the developer carrying roller, the projecting part and the surface of the developer carrying roller forming a gap therebetween at an upstream side in the rotating direction from the abutting part, the gap having a portion where a gap width of 0.05-0.5 mm; a maximum value Hmax and a minimum value Hmin of the gap width satisfy the expression Hmax/Hmin?3.0; and the portion having a continuous length of 0.8 mm or more.

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes a developer carrying roller rotatable in a first rotating direction, and a developer regulating member which regulates a thickness of a developer layer carried on the developer carrying roller, wherein at least a part of the developer regulating member is in pressure contact with a surface of the developer carrying roller to form an abutting portion between the developer carrying roller and the developer regulating member, the abutting portion having an abutting width W in a circumferential direction of the developer carrying member of 1.0 to 5.0 mm, wherein in the abutting portion, an abutting pressure has a maximum value in a first area, the first area having a width of 20% or less of the abutting width W from an upstream edge of the abutting portion in the rotating direction, and wherein an abutting pressure in a second area is 0.08 to 0.18 MPa.

Abstract: It is directed to providing a developing roller capable of forming a high-quality electrophotographic image. The developing roller includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrical insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The developing roller has a length L of 200 mm or more in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction thereof. The surface of the developing roller includes the surfaces of the domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer, the exposed portion being uncovered with the domains. The developing roller has protrusions on the surface thereof, the protrusion being formed by the domains. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a plurality of protrusions at the exposed portion. The developing roller has an Asker C hardness of 50 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.

Abstract: A developing member includes a conductive substrate, a conductive elastic layer on the conductive substrate, and a plurality of insulating domains on the conductive elastic layer, wherein the surface of the developing member includes the surfaces of the insulating domains and an exposed portion of the conductive elastic layer not covered with the insulating domains. The conductive elastic layer contains a resin and an anion, wherein the resin has a specific cationic structure synthesized from an ion conductive agent composed of a cation including at least one reactive functional group and an anion and a compound that can react to the ion conductive agent.

Abstract: Provided is a developing roller including elastic layer and resin layer adhered to each other and having an appropriately resistance, thereby suppressing fogging. The developing member comprises a mandrel; an elastic layer; and a resin layer, wherein: the resin layer comprises polyurethane resin obtained by isocyanate and polyol; and the elastic layer includes cured silicone rubber composition comprising (a)-(d): (a) organopolysiloxane having two or more alkenyl groups bonded to silicon atom and having methyl group as a group other than the alkenyl bonded to the silicon; (b) organopolysiloxane having three or more hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atom and having methyl group as a group bonded to the silicon; (c) carbon black; (d) organopolysiloxane represented by formula (1) and having Mw of 18,000-110,000 and Mw/Mn of 1.0-2.0 (R1 represents alkenyl group, R2 represents functional group reacting with isocyanate, and n represents an integer of 1 or more).

Abstract: Provided is an electro-conductive member showing small unevenness of the residual state of charge. The electro-conductive member is an electro-conductive member, comprising: a substrate whose surface is electro-conductive; and an electro-conductive elastic layer provided on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer is obtained by curing a mixture containing the following (A) to (D): (A) an organopolysiloxane having at least two vinyl groups bonded to a silicon atom; (B) an organopolysiloxane represented by the following chemical structural formula (1); (C) a hydrogen polysiloxane having at least two hydrosilyl groups; and (D) carbon black (l, m, and n in the chemical structural formula (1) each independently represent a positive integer).