Abstract: Described herein are enzymes, such as for example, methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), 3-hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase (PHI), 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (HPS), ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI), ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (RPE), transketolase (TKT), transaldolase (TAL) enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK), Sedoheptulose 1,7-Bisphosphatase (GLPX), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (GND), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ZWF); recombinant host cells expressing the enzymes; methods of producing methylotrophic cells; and methods of producing amino acids (e.g., lysine).

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid such as L-lysine is provided. An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a bacterium having an L-amino acid-producing ability, which has been modified so that the activity of a carotenoid biosynthesis enzyme is increased, in a medium, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid such as L-lysine is provided. An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a bacterium having an L-amino acid-producing ability, which has been modified so that the activity of a carotenoid biosynthesis enzyme is increased, in a medium, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium.

Abstract: An method for controlling ammonia concentration of a culture medium contained in a culture tank, by using an ammonia-controlling apparatus comprising at least an ammonia feeder that supplies ammonia to the culture tank, an ammonia sensor that responds to non-ionized ammonia in the culture medium contained in the culture tank, and a control part connected to the ammonia feeder and the ammonia sensor, and which method comprises the following steps performed by the control part: calculating non-ionized ammonia concentration of the culture medium contained in the culture tank from the signal from the ammonia sensor by using a calibration curve representing relation between non-ionized ammonia concentration of the culture medium contained in the culture tank and a signal from the ammonia sensor; and directing the ammonia feeder to supply ammonia to the culture tank when the calculated non-ionized ammonia concentration is lower than a predetermined concentration.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a target substance utilizing a microorganism by culturing the microorganism in a medium to produce and accumulate the target substance in the medium, and then collecting the target substance from culture. The microorganism is imparted with isomaltase activity, or modified to increase isomaltase activity.

Abstract: An method for controlling ammonia concentration of a culture medium contained in a culture tank, by using an ammonia-controlling apparatus comprising at least an ammonia feeder that supplies ammonia to the culture tank, an ammonia sensor that responds to non-ionized ammonia in the culture medium contained in the culture tank, and a control part connected to the ammonia feeder and the ammonia sensor, and which method comprises the following steps performed by the control part: calculating non-ionized ammonia concentration of the culture medium contained in the culture tank from the signal from the ammonia sensor by using a calibration curve representing relation between non-ionized ammonia concentration of the culture medium contained in the culture tank and a signal from the ammonia sensor; and directing the ammonia feeder to supply ammonia to the culture tank when the calculated non-ionized ammonia concentration is lower than a predetermined concentration.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: An L-amino acid is produced by culturing an L-amino acid-producing bacterium which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and which has been modified so that the activity of an iron transporter is increased by enhancing expression of one or more genes of the following genes: tonB gene, fepA gene, and fecA.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a target substance utilizing a microorganism by culturing the microorganism in a medium to produce and accumulate the target substance in the medium, and then collecting the target substance from culture. The microorganism is imparted with isomaltase activity, or modified to increase isomaltase activity.

Abstract: A bacterium which belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, and has an ability to produce L-lysine, L-threonine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-methionine, L-alanine, L-isoleucine, and/or L-homoserine. The bacterium has been modified so that expression of the gltP and/or gltS genes is/are increased when cultured in a medium, resulting in the accumulation of the L-amino acid(s) in the medium or bacterial cells.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a target substance utilizing a microorganism by culturing the microorganism in a medium to produce and accumulate the target substance in the medium, and then collecting the target substance from culture. The microorganism is imparted with isomaltase activity, or modified to increase isomaltase activity.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: A bacterium which belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, and has an ability to produce L-lysine, L-threonine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-methionine, L-alanine, L-isoleucine, and/or L-homoserine. The bacterium has been modified so that expression of the gltP and/or gltS genes is/are increased when cultured in a medium, resulting in the accumulation of the L-amino acid(s) in the medium or bacterial cells.