Abstract: A power supply device is provided for a human-powered vehicle. The power supply device comprises a base, a first electrical port, a second electrical port and a third electrical port. The first electrical port is provided to the base. The first electrical port has a first connection configuration. The second electrical port is provided to the base, and having a second connection configuration. The third electrical port is provided to the base, and having a third connection configuration. The first connection configuration, the second connection configuration and the third connection configuration have a same shape.

Abstract: A human-powered vehicle operating device including a base member, a first operating member, a second operating member, a first electrical switch and a second electrical switch. The first operating member includes a first operating surface and configured to pivot about a first axis with respect to the base member. The second operating member includes a second operating surface and configured to pivot about a second axis with respect to the base member. The first electrical switch is provided between the base member and the first operating member. The second electrical switch is provided between the base member and the second operating member. The first operating member and the second operating member are arranged next to each other in a first direction and configured to pivot independent from each other.

Abstract: A vehicle control system includes a steering input member rotatably supported by a vehicle body of a vehicle, a primary capacitive sensor provided along an outer edge of a steering input member and configured to detect a position on the steering input member at which a contact is made by a vehicle operator, a rotational angle sensor configured to detect a rotational angle of the steering input member, and a control unit configured to control a steering unit of the vehicle according to a signal from the rotational angle sensor and a signal from the primary capacitive sensor, wherein the control unit is configured to operate in a first operation mode and a second operation mode, the steering unit being controlled according to the signal from the rotational angle sensor in the first operation mode, and according to the signal from the primary capacitive sensor in the second operation mode.

Abstract: A vehicle control system includes a steering input member rotatably supported by a vehicle body, a first capacitive sensor provided on a first surface portion of the steering input member facing in one direction along a rotational center line of the steering input member, a second capacitive sensor provided on a second surface portion of the steering input member opposite to the first surface portion, and a control unit configured to control a drive unit and/or a brake unit of the vehicle according to signals from the first and second capacitive sensors. The control unit executes an acceleration control to control the drive unit to accelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor, and to execute a deceleration control to control the drive unit and/or the brake unit to decelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor.

Abstract: A human-powered vehicle operating device including a base member, a first operating member, a second operating member, a first electrical switch and a second electrical switch. The first operating member includes a first operating surface and configured to pivot about a first axis with respect to the base member. The second operating member includes a second operating surface and configured to pivot about a second axis with respect to the base member. The first electrical switch is provided between the base member and the first operating member. The second electrical switch is provided between the base member and the second operating member. The first operating member and the second operating member are arranged next to each other in a first direction and configured to pivot independent from each other.

Abstract: A quartz glass part silicon powder is plasma-sprayed onto a surface of a quartz glass substrate and thereby a coating film is formed, the quartz glass substrate is composed of opaque quartz glass a fraction of grains having a diameter of 100 ?m or larger in the silicon powder is 3% or smaller.

Abstract: A circuit simulation apparatus acquires wiring connection information indicating connection data in an electric circuit, selects a component constituting the circuit based on the wiring connection information, performs a setting of replacing the selected component with each resistor having different resistance values, generates at least one of netlists using the acquired wiring connection information and at least one of the set resistance values, calculates a value of an equivalent power source and a value of an internal resistance thereof for a part of the circuit using the acquired wiring connection information and at least one of the generated netlists, and calculates a resistance value of the selected component and a power consumption for the resistance value using the value of the equivalent power source and the value of the internal resistance.

Abstract: A circuit simulation apparatus acquires wiring connection information indicating connection data in an electric circuit, selects a component constituting the circuit based on the wiring connection information, performs a setting of replacing the selected component with each resistor having different resistance values, generates at least one of netlists using the acquired wiring connection information and at least one of the set resistance values, calculates a value of an equivalent power source and a value of an internal resistance thereof for a part of the circuit using the acquired wiring connection information and at least one of the generated netlists, and calculates a resistance value of the selected component and a power consumption for the resistance value using the value of the equivalent power source and the value of the internal resistance.

Abstract: Small portable communication devices that support multiple modulation techniques cannot gain the benefits of using an isolator at the output of a power amplifier to provide stability in the load impedance. However, for communication devices that include amplitude modulation schemes, maintaining linear operation of the power amplifier is still required. In the presence of unstable load impedance, this can be a difficult task. As a solution, the linearity of the power amplifier is detected by determining the peak power of the output signal and the average or root-mean-square of a portion of the output signal, such as a mid-amble). The ratio of the peak power and the average power of the output signal are used to determine if the power amplifier is operating in the linear region. If the ratio is too high, then the power amplifier may be operating in the linear region. By adjusting the power level of the input signal to the power amplifier when the ratio increases, linearity of the power amplifier is maintained.

Abstract: Small portable communication devices that support multiple modulation techniques cannot gain the benefits of using an isolator at the output of a power amplifier to provide stability in the load impedance. However, for communication devices that include amplitude modulation schemes, maintaining linear operation of the power amplifier is still required. In the presence of unstable load impedance, this can be a difficult task. As a solution, the linearity of the power amplifier is detected by comparing the envelope of the output signal with the base band signal used to modulate the output signal. If the envelopes are similar, then the power amplifier may be operating in the linear region. When the linearity of the power amplifier degrades, there is an increase in the difference between the envelopes. By adjusting the power level of the input signal to the power amplifier when the envelope difference appears, linearity of the power amplifier is maintained.

Abstract: When a power amplifier operates near or in saturation, the quality of the output signal can be degraded and an over current condition can occur. To prevent this, the level of the power supply voltage being provided to the power amplifier must be monitored and controlled. One technique is to provide the supply power to the power amplifier through a pass transistor. By characterizing the resistance of the pass transistor and sensing the voltage drop across the pass transistor, the current being provided to the power amplifier can be determined. If this current is too high, the control input to the pass transistor can be adjusted to limit the current.

Abstract: When a power amplifier control loop operates near or in saturation, the quality of the output signal can be degraded and an over current condition can occur. To prevent this, the output signal of the power amplifier is detected, converted to digital, and then converted into the frequency spectrum by means of a Fast Fourier Transform. The spectral characteristics of the output signal are analyzed to determine if the power amplifier control loop is approaching or operating in saturation mode. This determination is made by looking at the power of the output signal at various frequencies. If the output at these frequencies exceeds a threshold value, the power amplifier control loop is approaching saturation. In this situation, the output of the power amplifier can be adjusted to prevent loop saturation. This can be accomplished by reducing the supply voltage to the power amplifier or adjusting the bias voltage.

Abstract: An output power control system prevents saturation by limiting total output power and maintaining closed loop responsiveness for a radio telephone having closed loop and open loop gain control systems. The output power control system determines when total output power exceeds an output power trigger level and automatically enters a saturation prevention mode whereby total output power is reduced through modification of a closed loop power control register. In one embodiment, an output detector and an output comparator continuously monitor output power, and in another embodiment, an analog-to-digital converter samples output power levels.

Abstract: An output power control system prevents saturation by limiting total output power and maintaining closed loop responsiveness for a radio telephone having closed loop and open loop gain control systems. The output power control system determines when total output power exceeds an output power trigger level and automatically enters a saturation prevention mode whereby total output power is reduced through modification of a closed loop power control register. In one embodiment, an output detector and an output comparator continuously monitor output power, and in another embodiment, an analog-to-digital converter samples output power levels.