Abstract: Provided is a substrate for carbon nanotube growth in which no metal particles as a catalyst aggregates and a method for manufacturing the substrate. A substrate for carbon nanotube growth 1 includes a base plate 2, a catalyst 3, a form-defining material layer 4 which allows the catalyst 3 to be dispersed and arranged, and a covering layer 5 which has a metal oxide to cover the catalyst. A method for manufacturing a substrate for carbon nanotube growth 1 includes a step of sputtering on a base plate 2 a metal which forms a catalyst 3 and oxidizing the surface of the metal, a step of sputtering a form-defining material on the base plate 2, and a step of further sputtering on the form-defining material a metal which forms a catalyst 3 and oxidizing the surface of the metal.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate for carbon nanotube growth in which no metal particles as a catalyst aggregates and a method for manufacturing the substrate. A substrate for carbon nanotube growth 1 includes a base plate 2, a noble metal alloy catalyst 3 having an alloy of a noble metal and a transition metal, and a form-defining material layer 4 which allows the noble metal alloy catalyst 3 to be dispersed and arranged. A method for manufacturing a substrate for carbon nanotube growth 1 includes a step of sputtering a noble metal alloy on a base plate 2, a step of sputtering a form-defining material on the base plate 2, and a step of further sputtering the noble metal alloy on the form-defining material.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesizing apparatus in which the state of generated plasma can be stabilized is provided. A carbon nanotube synthesizing apparatus 1 comprises a chamber 2, an antenna 3 including a tip 3a, a microwave conductor 4, a gas introducing unit 5, a gas discharging unit 6, a substrate holding unit 7, and a heating unit 8. The shape of the inner wall of the chamber 2 is symmetrical with respect to the tip 3a of the antenna 3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method capable of accelerating the growth of oriented carbon nanotubes when manufacturing the oriented carbon nanotubes by a plasma CVD. Under the circulation of a gas which is the raw material of the carbon nanotubes, plasma is generated by an antenna (6) provided in a depressurized treatment chamber (2), and substrates (9, 15) provided with a reaction prevention layer and a catalyst material layer which are formed on a base material are held at a distance, to which a radical can reach and an attack of an ion generated as a by-product of the radical can be avoided, from a plasma generation area (7). The tip (6a) of the antenna (6) can be controlled so as to match with the position of the anti-node of a stationary wave (27) of microwaves.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate for carbon nanotube growth in which no metal particles as a catalyst aggregates and a method for manufacturing the substrate. A substrate for carbon nanotube growth 1 includes a base plate 2, a catalyst 3, a form-defining material layer 4 which allows the catalyst 3 to be dispersed and arranged, and a covering layer 5 which has a metal oxide to cover the catalyst. A method for manufacturing a substrate for carbon nanotube growth 1 includes a step of sputtering on a base plate 2 a metal which forms a catalyst 3 and oxidizing the surface of the metal, a step of sputtering a form-defining material on the base plate 2, and a step of further sputtering on the form-defining material a metal which forms a catalyst 3 and oxidizing the surface of the metal.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate for carbon nanotube growth in which no metal particles as a catalyst aggregates and a method for manufacturing the substrate. A substrate for carbon nanotube growth 1 includes a base plate 2, a noble metal alloy catalyst 3 having an alloy of a noble metal and a transition metal, and a form-defining material layer 4 which allows the noble metal alloy catalyst 3 to be dispersed and arranged. A method for manufacturing a substrate for carbon nanotube growth 1 includes a step of sputtering a noble metal alloy on a base plate 2, a step of sputtering a form-defining material on the base plate 2, and a step of further sputtering the noble metal alloy on the form-defining material.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesizing apparatus in which the state of generated plasma can be stabilized is provided. A carbon nanotube synthesizing apparatus 1 comprises a chamber 2, an antenna 3 including a tip 3a, a microwave conductor 4, a gas introducing unit 5, a gas discharging unit 6, a substrate holding unit 7, and a heating unit 8. The shape of the inner wall of the chamber 2 is symmetrical with respect to the tip 3a of the antenna 3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method capable of accelerating the growth of oriented carbon nanotubes when manufacturing the oriented carbon nanotubes by a plasma CVD. Under the circulation of a gas which is the raw material of the carbon nanotubes, plasma is generated by an antenna (6) provided in a depressurized treatment chamber (2), and substrates (9, 15) provided with a reaction prevention layer and a catalyst material layer which are formed on a base material are held at a distance, to which a radical can reach and an attack of an ion generated as a by-product of the radical can be avoided, from a plasma generation area (7). The tip (6a) of the antenna (6) can be controlled so as to match with the position of the anti-node of a stationary wave (27) of microwaves.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system includes a key detector that detects whether an ignition key is in an on state, a control portion that outputs different control signals according to whether the engine is on if the key is on, and a valve, such as a solenoid valve, that controls gear shifts according to the control signals from the control portion. A hydraulic control method includes determining whether an ignition key is on; determining whether an engine is on or off if the key is on; and controlling a valve, such as a solenoid valve, that controls gear shifts, differently depending on whether the engine is on or off, such as by applying different duty values to the valve. A low duty value may be applied to the valve when the engine is off, and a higher duty value may be applied to the valve when the engine is on.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system includes a key detector that detects whether an ignition key is in an on state, a control portion that outputs different control signals according to whether the engine is on if the key is on, and a valve, such as a solenoid valve, that controls gear shifts according to the control signals from the control portion. A hydraulic control method includes determining whether an ignition key is on; determining whether an engine is on or off if the key is on; and controlling a valve, such as a solenoid valve, that controls gear shifts, differently depending on whether the engine is on or off, such as by applying different duty values to the valve. A low duty value may be applied to the valve when the engine is off, and a higher duty value may be applied to the valve when the engine is on.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus, provided with a refrigerant circuit (90) having a plurality of refrigerant circulating routes and capable of operation in a mode where the plurality of refrigerant circulating routes differ in refrigerant evaporation temperature and/or in refrigerant condensation temperature, is activated by a single scroll compressor (10) including a casing (11) in which are arranged two compression mechanisms (31, 32), thereby making it possible to accomplish install-space savings, cost-cutting, and high-efficiency operation.

Abstract: A fixed scroll (40) is provided which is made up of a first stationary-side member (41) and a second stationary-side member (46). The first stationary-side member (41) has a first stationary-side wrap (42) and a first outer peripheral part (43) encompassing the first stationary-side wrap (42). The second stationary-side member (46) has a second stationary-side wrap (47), a second outer peripheral part (48), and a third flat-plate part (49). The second stationary-side wrap (47) is formed integrally with the third flat-plate part (49). An orbiting scroll (50) is provided which has a first flat-plate part (51), a first movable-side wrap (53), a second flat-plate part (52), and a second movable-side wrap (54). The first movable-side wrap (53) is formed integrally with the first flat-plate part (51). The second movable-side wrap (54) is formed integrally with the second flat-plate part (52).

Abstract: A fixed scroll (40) is provided which is made up of a first stationary-side member (41) and a second stationary-side member (46). The first stationary-side member (41) has a first stationary-side wrap (42) and a first outer peripheral part (43) encompassing the first stationary-side wrap (42). The second stationary-side member (46) has a second stationary-side wrap (47), a second outer peripheral part (48), and a third flat-plate part (49). The second stationary-side wrap (47) is formed integrally with the third flat-plate part (49). An orbiting scroll (50) is provided which has a first flat-plate part (51), a first movable-side wrap (53), a second flat-plate part (52), and a second movable-side wrap (54). The first movable-side wrap (53) is formed integrally with the first flat-plate part (51). The second movable-side wrap (54) is formed integrally with the second flat-plate part (52).

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus, provided with a refrigerant circuit (90) having a plurality of refrigerant circulating routes and capable of operation in a mode where the plurality of refrigerant circulating routes differ in refrigerant evaporation temperature and/or in refrigerant condensation temperature, is activated by a single scroll compressor (10) including a casing (11) in which are arranged two compression mechanisms (31, 32), thereby making it possible to accomplish install-space savings, cost-cutting, and high-efficiency operation.