Abstract: A pen-type controller includes a pen portion having a pen shape, a grip portion that intersects an axis direction of the pen portion, and a first light emitting part disposed at an end part of the grip portion, wherein the end part is closer to the axis of the pen portion than another end part of the grip portion.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a method which specifically and efficiently produces a compound having a phenol propane structure from natural biomass containing lignins by causing microorganisms to act on biomass. The object is achieved by a method for producing a phenyl propane-based compound comprising a step of producing a phenyl propane-based compound by causing microorganisms of the genus Novosphingobium to act on biomass containing lignins and/or lignin-related substances.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a method which, if compared with prior art, more specifically and efficiently produces a compound having a phenol propane structure from natural biomass containing lignins by causing enzymes to act on the biomass. The object is achieved by a method for producing a phenyl propane-based compound comprising a step of producing a phenyl propane-based compound by causing enzymes derived from microorganisms of the genus Novosphingobium to act on biomass containing lignins and/or lignin-related substances in the presence of NAD and reduction type glutathione.

Abstract: A method for preparing a substrate for a flexible print wiring board having a polyimide based resin layer wherein a solution of a polyimide based resin precursor is directly applied on an electrically conducting material to form a polyimide based resin precursor layer and then the precursor layer is cured by heating to prepare a polyimide based resin layer, characterized in that a solution of a polyimide based resin precursor B, which is one of solutions of two types of polyimide based resin precursors, is directly applied on an electrically conducting material and then, on the resultant layer is applied a solution of a polyimide based resin precursor A which allows resolving the residual strain generated in the polyimide based resin formed by the curing of the above polyimide based resin precursor B.

Abstract: A method for preparing a substrate for a flexible print wiring board having a polyimide based resin layer wherein a solution of a polyimide based resin precursor is directly applied on an electrically conducting material to form a polyimide based resin precursor layer and then the precursor layer is cured by heating to prepare a polyimide based resin layer, characterized in that a solution of a polyimide based resin precursor B, which is one of solutions of two types of polyimide based resin precursors, is directly applied on an electrically conducting material and then, on the resultant layer is applied a solution of a polyimide based resin precursor A which allows resolving the residual strain generated in the polyimide based resin formed by the curing of the above polyimide based resin precursor B.

Abstract: This invention provides a novolak type epoxy resin which has low melt viscosity but shows high heat resistance when hardened. Particularly, it relates to a novolak type epoxy resin in which the relationship between the total % by weight of 3 to 6 nucleus bodies and the melt viscosity measured by a cone plate method at 150.degree. C. satisfies specified conditions, an epoxy resin composition containing the same and hardened products thereof.

Abstract: An object is to provide hardened products having excellent water resistance and mechanical strength, and an epoxy resin and an epoxy resin composition for use in the production thereof. An epoxy resin obtained by the glycidylation of a novolak type resin which is prepared by the condensation of biphenyls with phenols and naphthols, and a resin composition containing said epoxy resin and hardened products thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved buffer solution for conducting an immunological method for measuring apoprotein of human tissue factor, and a kit therefor.

Abstract: A kit for the immunological assay of the human tissue plasminogen activator-human plasminogen activator inhibitor complex in a human specimen, which kit comprises(i) a monoclonal antibody (first antibody) against a human plasminogen activator inhibitor linked onto an insoluble solid carrier having a specular surface,(ii) a polyclonal antibody (second antibody) against a human tissue plasminogen activator labelled by an enzyme,(iii) a substrate and a reaction-discontinuing agent for the assay of the enzyme activity,(iv) a diluent, and(v) a detergent containing a nonionic surfactant having an HLB (Hydrophile Lipophile Balance) value of at least 16,and a method for the immunological assay of the above complex and a method for the immunological assay of the active human plasminogen activator inhibitor, respectively in a human specimen using this kit.

Abstract: A process for purifying 7-dimenthylamino-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline represented by the following formula, ##STR1## which comprises dissolving 7-dimethylamino-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline or its hydrochloride having a lower purity in a mixed solvent of an alcohol and water by using hydrochloric acid and then adjusting the pH of the solution to 3.5 to 4.5 to recrystallize the hydrochloride having a higher purity.

Abstract: A process for producing 7-dimethylamino-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (minocycline) which comprises treating the reaction liquid containing minocycline and formaldehyde with hydroxylamine or urea, the reaction liquid being obtained after reductive methylation of 7-amino-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline by using aldehyde, then subjecting the reaction liquid to an adsorption treatment with a nonionic adsorption resin (adsorbent), and subsequently eluting the intended product adsorbed to the adsorbent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing optically active phenylalanine, characterized by optically resolving DL-phenylalanine.optically active mandelic acid complexes in an aqueous solvent in the presence of an acidic compound having a pKa value of 0.90 to 2.10 and isolating optically active phenylalanine from the obtained optically active phenylalanine.optically active mandelic acid complex.According to the process of the present invention, it is possible to decrease the amount of a mother liquor of resolution to 1/5 to 1/10 of that when no acidic compound is used and to obtain optically active phenylalanine having an optical purity of as high as 96.5% or above without a step of optical purification when optically active phenylalanine is isolated from the obtained optically active phenylalanine.optically active mandelic acid complex.

Abstract: Process for producing substituted or unsubstituted naphthalic acids and acid anhydrides thereof by oxidation of corresponding acenaphthenes whose naphthalene nucleus may have one or two substituents from the group consisting of halogens, sulfonic acid groups, sulfonate groups, and nitro. The oxidation is performed at 30.degree.-150.degree. C. using molecular oxygen in the presence of (1) at least one heavy metal compound, such as cobalt acetate or manganese acetate, in an amount of 0.005-0.3 mole per mole of said acenaphthenes or a mixture of heavy metal compounds in that amount and a bromine compound in the range of 5.times.10.sup.-5 to 2.times.10.sup.-1 mole/liter of reaction solution as a catalyst and (2) at least one accelerator selected from the group consisting of lower fatty acid anhydrides, ketones and aldehydes, whereby side reactions such as condensation can be suppressed to a satisfactory extent, thereby leading to an improvement in yield of final product.