Abstract: When the fuel cell stack is operated in a state in which the air stoichiometric ratio is smaller than the predetermined value, the controller calculates the amount of retained water that has been retained in the cathode flow path of the fuel battery cell per fixed time in such a way that the calculated amount includes an extra amount therein, integrates the amount of retained water per fixed time that has been calculated in such a way that the calculated amount includes the extra amount therein, and executes air blow in the cathode flow path of the fuel battery cell when the integrated value of the amount of retained water becomes equal to or larger than the threshold.

Abstract: When the fuel cell stack is operated in a state in which the air stoichiometric ratio is smaller than the predetermined value, the controller calculates the amount of retained water that has been retained in the cathode flow path of the fuel battery cell per fixed time in such a way that the calculated amount includes an extra amount therein, integrates the amount of retained water per fixed time that has been calculated in such a way that the calculated amount includes the extra amount therein, and executes air blow in the cathode flow path of the fuel battery cell when the integrated value of the amount of retained water becomes equal to or larger than the threshold.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having a fuel cell operated under non-humidified conditions that includes a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, a fuel gas channel facing the anode to supply it with fuel gas, an oxidant gas channel facing the cathode to supply it with oxidant gas, and a flow direction of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are opposite. The fuel cell system may control a water vapor amount at an outlet of the fuel gas channel based on a value that is set based on a relationship between a voltage of the fuel cell and the water vapor amount. The fuel cell system may control an average flow rate of the fuel gas in the fuel gas channel based on a value that is set based on a relationship between a voltage of the fuel cell and the average flow rate.

Abstract: There is provided a technique that suppresses a variation in particle diameter of a metal catalyst in the process of supporting the metal catalyst on a carrier. A CNT substrate having carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the carrier arrayed thereon is placed in a processing chamber. Carbon dioxide is supplied to the processing chamber. After the carbon dioxide in the processing chamber is made supercritical, a complex solution in which a platinum complex is dissolved is supplied to the processing chamber. A sample temperature denoting temperature of the CNTs is controlled to be higher than an ambient temperature in the processing chamber. The CNT substrate is heated, such that a temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the sample temperature repeats increasing and decreasing. After the state of the supercritical fluid is changed to a non-supercritical state, the CNT substrate is heated, so as to cause the metal catalyst to deposit on the surface of the CNTs.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide core-shell catalysts which are configured to be able to increase the performance of a unit cell of a fuel cell, and a method for producing the core-shell catalysts. Disclosed are core-shell catalysts and method for producing the same, the core-shell catalysts comprising a core containing palladium and a shell containing platinum and covering the core, wherein, in a number-based particle size frequency distribution, an average particle size is 4.70 nm or less; a standard deviation is 2.00 nm or less; and a frequency of a particle size of 5.00 nm or less is 55% or more.

Abstract: There is provided a technique that suppresses a variation in particle diameter of a metal catalyst in the process of supporting the metal catalyst on a carrier. A CNT substrate having carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the carrier arrayed thereon is placed in a processing chamber. Carbon dioxide is supplied to the processing chamber. After the carbon dioxide in the processing chamber is made supercritical, a complex solution in which a platinum complex is dissolved is supplied to the processing chamber. A sample temperature denoting temperature of the CNTs is controlled to be higher than an ambient temperature in the processing chamber. The CNT substrate is heated, such that a temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the sample temperature repeats increasing and decreasing. After the state of the supercritical fluid is changed to a non-supercritical state, the CNT substrate is heated, so as to cause the metal catalyst to deposit on the surface of the CNTs.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly with excellent electrode transfer ability to electrolyte membrane. Disclosed is a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly, the assembly comprising an electrolyte membrane and an electrode which are attached to each other, the method comprising: a hot pressing step in which an electrolyte membrane and an electrode, the electrode comprising an electroconductive material and an electrolyte resin and being formed on a flexible substrate, are hot pressed to produce a laminate in which the electrolyte membrane, the electrode and the flexible substrate are laminated in this order, and a bending step in which the laminate is bent so that the flexible substrate side becomes concave, thereby removing the flexible substrate from the electrode.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly with excellent electrode transfer ability to electrolyte membrane. Disclosed is a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly, the assembly comprising an electrolyte membrane and an electrode which are attached to each other, the method comprising: a hot pressing step in which an electrolyte membrane and an electrode, the electrode comprising an electroconductive material and an electrolyte resin and being formed on a flexible substrate, are hot pressed to produce a laminate in which the electrolyte membrane, the electrode and the flexible substrate are laminated in this order, and a bending step in which the laminate is bent so that the flexible substrate side becomes concave, thereby removing the flexible substrate from the electrode.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell that can prevent a conductive nano columnar body from being embedded in an electrolyte membrane and can efficiently use a catalyst is provided.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having a fuel cell operated under non-humidified conditions that includes a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, a fuel gas channel facing the anode to supply it with fuel gas, an oxidant gas channel facing the cathode to supply it with oxidant gas, and a flow direction of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are opposite. The fuel cell system may control a water vapor amount at an outlet of the fuel gas channel based on a value that is set based on a relationship between a voltage of the fuel cell and the water vapor amount. The fuel cell system may control an average flow rate of the fuel gas in the fuel gas channel based on a value that is set based on a relationship between a voltage of the fuel cell and the average flow rate.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a fuel cell and operated under a non-humidified condition is provided. The fuel cell includes a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, a fuel gas channel supplying the anode electrode with fuel gas containing at least a fuel component, and an oxidant gas channel supplying the cathode electrode with oxidant gas containing at least an oxidant component. The flow directions of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are opposite each other. In addition, the fuel cell system has a moisture state control means which controls a flow rate and/or pressure of the fuel gas so that once a moisture state in an inlet region of the fuel gas channel is changed to a low moisture state side which is lower than a target moisture state, it is changed from the low moisture state to the target moisture state.

Abstract: This invention relates to sulfonates of .beta.-cyclodextrin polymer having a sulfur content of 10% or more, which inhibit propagation of smooth muscle cells.

Abstract: A cysteamine derivative represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a straight-chain or a branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen atom or n-propyl radical, and X represents a radical selected from the group consisting of radicals containing cysteamine moiety (N S) represented by formula (II): ##STR2## formula (III): ##STR3## formula (IV): ##STR4## formula (V): ##STR5## or formula (VI): ##STR6## wherein R.sub.2 represents hydrogen atom or a straight-chain or a branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is provided.The cysteamine derivative is effective as an antirheumatic agent.

Abstract: Isoprenoid derivatives represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, X represents --CH.sub.2 --, --O-- or --NH--, n represents number of the double bond in trans-configuration and is 1 or 2, and m is an integer from 0 to 3.The compounds have a 5-lipoxygenase-inhibiting activity and are useful as a therapeutic agent for such diseases as allergy, nephritis, hepatitis, rheumatism and gastric ulcer.

Abstract: Novel phenoxypropylamine derivative having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent a lower alkyl group, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 taken together represent a group having the formula (CH.sub.2).sub.m wherein m represents 4 or 5, and n represents an integer of from 2 to 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The compounds are useful as a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and an antiulcer agent.