Abstract: Conventional systems mainly include technical aspects and it is not a main purpose to display a changed result accurately. Therefore, its processing time is significantly long.

Abstract: In a thermal recording apparatus, a thermal head heats an ink sheet to transfer ink to a recording medium such as paper. Even when recording on a low-smoothness plain paper, an image free of voids can be obtained. The apparatus is equipped with a mechanism for generating an electric field between the ink sheet and the recording medium. Due to this electric field, the ink particles liquified by the thermal head fly and are transferred to the recording medium.

Abstract: A method of refining a molten metal or a molten alloy through degassing, wherein a gas is blown into a molten metal or a molten alloy contained within a refining container, while stirring by utilizing an electromagnetic force, to superimpose the blown gas onto a molten metal or a molten alloy, and the stirring by an electromagnetic force, to thereby refine the blown gas, and at the same time, increase the residence time of the blown gas in the molten metal or molten alloy bath and homogeneously disperse the blown gas in the molten metal or molten alloy bath.

Abstract: Molten steel in desiliconized, dephosphorized and decarburized in a three-step sequence. In the first-two steps the melt is agitated. In the first step the temperature is also maintained at between 1480.degree.-1380.degree. C. while oxygen is introduced until the silicon content is reduced to 0.20%. In the second step a flux consisting essentially of CaO and 0.2-0.5 parts by weight of CaCl.sub.2 and/or KCl is introduced while maintaining the basicity of the slag at between 3.5-8.0 and the T.Fe value at between 3-10%. The third step involves blowing oxygen onto this melt without using a refining flux.