Abstract: A cell culture equipment comprising a culture component permeable member 10 that is permeable to culture components, a culture vessel 30 that covers one side of the culture component permeable member 10 and holds a cell-containing medium, and a medium holding vessel 40 that covers the other side of the culture component permeable member 10 and holds a medium.

Abstract: The liquid-repellent structure comprises a major surface to which liquid repellency is imparted, and a liquid-repellent layer formed on the major surface; wherein the liquid-repellent layer contains a scale-like filler having an average particle size of 0.1 to 6 ?m, inclusive, a thermoplastic resin, and a fluorine compound, and has aggregates containing the scale-like filler; and the ratio WS1/(WP+WFC) of the mass WS1 of the scale-like filler contained in the liquid-repellent layer to the sum (WP+WFC) of the mass WP of the thermoplastic resin and the mass WFC of the fluorine compound contained in the liquid-repellent layer is 0.1 to 10 inclusive.

Abstract: A transport possibility determination device comprises a distance measurement unit and a control unit. The distance measurement unit acquires information about the distance to an object. The control unit determines the state of a load when the object is a transport platform on which the load has been placed, on the basis of the information about the distance to the object acquired by the distance measurement unit. The control unit determines whether or not a transportable condition, which is a condition for permitting a forklift to transport the load, is met on the basis of the determined state of the load.

Abstract: A liquid-repellent structure includes a surface to which liquid repellency is to be imparted; a foundation layer having a surface and disposed to face the surface to which liquid repellency is to be imparted; and a liquid-repellent layer disposed to face the surface of the foundation layer, wherein the foundation layer contains an acid-modified polyolefin, the liquid-repellent layer contains a fluorine-containing resin and particles, and the fluorine-containing resin contains a hydrophilic structural unit having at least one of an amino group and an amide group. A packaging material has the liquid-repellent structure disposed to face a product. The packaging material can also be applied to a product that is a selected one of hand soap, body soap, shampoo, rinse, creams, and cosmetics and that contains a surfactant.

Abstract: An image display apparatus is disclosed including a display cell, a first retardation layer, a second retardation layer, and a polarizer. Re(550) of a laminate of the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer is from 120 nm to 142 nm, or from 151 nm to 160 nm, and when an initial value of a front reflection hue value “a” in a non-lit state is represented by a0, a value of “a” after the image display apparatus is left in an environment set to 65° C. and an RH of 90% for 250 hours is represented by a1, an initial value of a front reflection hue value “b” is represented by b0, and a value of “b” after the image display apparatus is left in an environment set to 65° C. and an RH of 90% for 250 hours is represented by b1, a0×a1>0 and b0×b1>0 are satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminate optical body, which is excellent in production efficiency, shows an extremely small axis shift and can realize a liquid crystal display apparatus showing small display unevenness. The laminate optical body of the present invention includes an elongated polarizing film having an absorption axis in a short direction thereof, and including a base material layer and a hydrophilic polymer layer to which a dichromatic substance adsorbs; and an elongated retardation film having a slow axis in a lengthwise direction thereof. The polarizing film is a laminate including the base material layer and the hydrophilic polymer layer to which a dichromatic substance adsorbs. The laminate optical body is elongated. Preferably, the hydrophilic polymer layer has a thickness of 1 ?m to 10 ?m.

Abstract: An optical film has a transparent film including light output portions distributed over one of opposite surfaces of the transparent film so as to make the total luminous transmittance and the haze of the optical film be set in a range of from 75 to 92% and in a range of from 4 to 20% respectively, the light output portions being constituted by concave or convex portions having optical path changing slopes each inclined at an inclination angle of from 35 to 48 degrees with respect to a film plane of the transparent film. A liquid-crystal display device has an optical film defined above, and a liquid-crystal display panel, wherein the optical film is disposed on one of opposite surfaces of the liquid-crystal display panel so that a surface of the film in which the light output portions of the optical film are provided faces outward.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated optical film capable of contributing to thinning of each of a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal display apparatus and of simplifying its manufacturing steps, and a method of manufacturing the laminated optical film. The laminated optical film is used in a liquid crystal display apparatus and arranged on a viewer side of a liquid crystal cell. The laminated optical film includes: a polarizer; and a retardation layer which is arranged on one side of the polarizer, has a refractive index ellipsoid showing a relationship of nx>ny=nz, and has an in-plane retardation value Re[590] of 90 to 190 nm. An angle formed between an absorption axis of the polarizer and a slow axis of the retardation layer is 5 to 85°. The retardation layer is formed of a liquid crystal material, and the retardation layer is arranged to be closer to the viewer side than the polarizer is.

Abstract: In a liquid-crystal display device, an optical path control layer is provided at least on an outer side of the back side substrate, and has a plurality of optical path changing slopes inclined at an inclination angle of from 35 to 48 degrees with respect to a reference plane of the back side substrate. The optical path control layer has a refractive index higher than that of a low-refractive-index transparent layer provided in the back side substrate. Another low-refractive-index transparent layer lower in refractive index than the transparent substrate may be provided in a visual side substrate. Light sources may be disposed on at least two side surfaces of the liquid-crystal display panel. Light sources may be disposed on side surfaces of the back side substrate and the visual side substrate and at least on side surfaces of the liquid-crystal display panel which are different from each other. Another optical path control layer may be provided also on an outer side of the visual side substrate.

Abstract: A touch panel-including illuminator having: a light pipe made of a transparent plate-like material having an upper surface, a lower surface and at least one incidence side surface, the upper surface being provided with light output means through which light incident on the incidence side surface is made to emerge from the lower surface; a light source disposed on the incidence side surface of the light pipe; an adhesive layer; and a touch panel bonded to the upper surface of the light pipe through the adhesive layer; wherein the light output means are constituted by fine grooves which are disposed discontinuously, each of which is made of a concave portion, and each of which is shaped like an approximate triangle in section; and wherein each of the fine grooves has an optical path changing slope and a steep slope.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display apparatus having a liquid-crystal panel, the liquid-crystal panel including a lower transparent substrate having a transparent electrode on at least one of its opposite surfaces, an upper transparent substrate having a transparent electrode opposite to the transparent electrode of the lower substrate, and liquid crystal held between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, wherein the upper substrate is thicker than the lower substrate. Preferably, the thickness of the lower substrate is not larger than ⅔ as large as the thickness of the upper substrate in order to achieve reduction in thickness and weight more effectively.

Abstract: A lightweight, touch-input-type reflective liquid-crystal display panel having a reflective liquid-crystal display panel. The reflective liquid-crystal display panel being formed in a manner such that external light incident on an outer surface is reflected by the light-reflecting layer so that display light transmitted through the liquid-crystal layer is made to emerge from the visual side cell substrate and viewed.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid-crystal display with a reflection-type liquid-crystal display panel, which comprises a transparent view-side substrate with a transparent electrode and a transparent backside substrate with a transparent electrode that are so combined as to have a liquid crystal between the facing electrodes thereof to construct a liquid-crystal cell, and comprises a transparent optical film having a radius of curvature at break of at most 5 mm, on the outer side of the view-side substrate via a polarizing layer therebetween, and a reflection layer on the outer side of the backside substrate, and which is characterized in that the optical film has, in its surface, a plurality of optical path-changing slopes that incline at an angle of from 35 to 48 degrees relative to the standard plane of the view-side substrate, and one or more sides of the optical film have a light source; and the optical film.

Abstract: In a liquid-crystal display device, an optical path control layer is provided at least on an outer side of the back side substrate, and has a plurality of optical path changing slopes inclined at an inclination angle of from 35 to 48 degrees with respect to a reference plane of the back side substrate. The optical path control layer has a refractive index higher than that of a low-refractive-index transparent layer provided in the back side substrate. Another low-refractive-index transparent layer lower in refractive index than the transparent substrate may be provided in a visual side substrate. Light sources may be disposed on at least two side surfaces of the liquid-crystal display panel. Light sources may be disposed on side surfaces of the back side substrate and the visual side substrate and at least on side surfaces of the liquid-crystal display panel which are different from each other. Another optical path control layer may be provided also on an outer side of the visual side substrate.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display apparatus having a liquid-crystal panel, the liquid-crystal panel including a lower transparent substrate having a transparent electrode on at least one of its opposite surfaces, an upper transparent substrate having a transparent electrode opposite to the transparent electrode of the lower substrate, and liquid crystal held between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, wherein the upper substrate is thicker than the lower substrate. Preferably, the thickness of the lower substrate is not larger than ⅔ as large as the thickness of the upper substrate in order to achieve reduction in thickness and weight more effectively.

Abstract: An optical film has a transparent film including light output portions distributed over one of opposite surfaces of the transparent film so as to make the total luminous transmittance and the haze of the optical film be set in a range of from 75 to 92% and in a range of from 4 to 20% respectively, the light output portions being constituted by concave or convex portions having optical path changing slopes each inclined at an inclination angle of from 35 to 48 degrees with respect to a film plane of the transparent film. A liquid-crystal display device has an optical film defined above, and a liquid-crystal display panel, wherein the optical film is disposed on one of opposite surfaces of the liquid-crystal display panel so that a surface of the film in which the light output portions of the optical film are provided faces outward.

Abstract: A reflective liquid-crystal display device having a reflective liquid-crystal display panel, at least one light source, an optical path control layer, a transparent touch panel, and a transparent adhesive layer, the reflective liquid-crystal display panel including a liquid-crystal cell and a light-reflecting layer, the liquid-crystal cell having a back side cell substrate, a visual side cell substrate, and a layer of liquid crystal between the two cell substrates, the reflective liquid-crystal display panel being formed in a manner such that external light incident on an outer surface is reflected by the light-reflecting layer so that display light transmitted through the liquid-crystal layer is made to emerge from the visual side cell substrate and viewed, the light source being disposed on at least one of side surfaces of the reflective liquid-crystal display panel, the optical path control layer being disposed on the outer surface side of the visual side cell substrate, the transparent touch panel being b

Abstract: A touch panel-including illuminator having: a light pipe made of a transparent plate-like material having an upper surface, a lower surface and at least one incidence side surface, the upper surface being provided with light output means through which light incident on the incidence side surface is made to emerge from the lower surface; a light source disposed on the incidence side surface of the light pipe; an adhesive layer; and a touch panel bonded to the upper surface of the light pipe through the adhesive layer; wherein the light output means are constituted by fine grooves which are disposed discontinuously, each of which is made of a concave portion, and each of which is shaped like an approximate triangle in section; and wherein each of the fine grooves has an optical path changing slope and a steep slope.

Abstract: In an open joint structure for the prevention of water leakage an isobaric space is formed which has no difference between pressure in the space and ambient pressure. The open joint structure contains at least one groove 11 extending in the vertical direction formed on the exterior side of a vertical edge of a precast concrete curtain wall and which faces an opposing groove 11 of an adjacent precast concrete curtain wall. A heat barrier plate 10 with cutout portions on through holes 13 is mounted between the side walls in the grooves, thereby dividing the isobaric space into a fire-blocking isobaric space (A) between the exterior side of the wall and the heat barrier plate 10 and a radiant heat-blocking isobaric space (B) between the heat barrier plate 10 and a pair of preformed sealants 20, 20. This structure exhibits both a fire-resistant function and a watertight function in an open construction method.