Abstract: An alkyl nitrite is produced with high efficiency by bringing a nitrogen monoxide gas into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkyl alcohol and nitric acid in a reactor 2, which aqueous solution may be a liquid fraction generated in an alkyl nitrite-production process in which an alkyl alcohol is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen in a reaction column 1.

Abstract: In the process for producing a cyclododecanone by isomerizing an epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material in the presence of an isomerization reaction catalyst containing lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide, in order to perform the reaction with high efficiency (high reaction rate) and high selectivity and stably produce a high-purity cyclododecanone in industry while maintaining a high-level reaction rate, the epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material is produced by contacting an epoxycyclododecadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogen-reduction catalyst and has a content of the hydroxyl group-containing cyclododecane compounds contained in the epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material controlled to 5 mol % or less.

Abstract: An alkyl nitrite is produced with high efficiency by bringing a nitrogen monoxide gas into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkyl alcohol and nitric acid in a reactor 2, which aqueous solution may be a liquid fraction generated in an alkyl nitrite-production process in which an alkyl alcohol is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen in a reaction column 1.

Abstract: An alkyl nitrite is produced with high efficiency by bringing a nitrogen monoxide gas into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkyl alcohol and nitric acid in a reactor 2, which aqueous solution may be a liquid fraction generated in an alkyl nitrite-production process in which an alkyl alcohol is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen in a reaction column 1.

Abstract: In the process for producing a cyclododecanone by isomerizing an epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material in the presence of an isomerization reaction catalyst containing lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide, in order to perform the reaction with high efficiency (high reaction rate) and high selectivity and stably produce a high-purity cyclododecanone in industry while maintaining a high-level reaction rate, the epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material is produced by contacting an epoxycyclododecadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogen-reduction catalyst and has a content of the hydroxyl group-containing cyclododecane compounds contained in the epoxycyclododecane-containing starting material controlled to 5 mol % or less.

Abstract: An alkyl nitrite is produced with high efficiency by bringing a nitrogen monoxide gas into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkyl alcohol and nitric acid in a reactor 2, which aqueous solution may be a liquid fraction generated in an alkyl nitrite-production process in which an alkyl alcohol is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen in a reaction column 1.

Abstract: A cyclododecanone compound is continuously produced by an isomerization reaction of a corresponding epoxycyclododecane compound in the presence of a catalyst including lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide, the isomerization reaction being carried out by passing a reaction mixture containing the epoxycyclododecane compound and the catalyst through a continuous reaction apparatus including at least one tubular reactor preferably at a temperature of 100 to 350° C.

Abstract: A composition consisting essentially of a diaryl carbonate and contains a furan ring-containing compound in an amount of not more than 1 ppm is favorably employable for producing less colored polycarbonate.

Abstract: A cyclododecanone compound is continuously produced by feeding a liquid feed containing a corresponding epoxycyclododecane compound and LiBr and/or LiI into a frontmost reaction region of a plurality of reaction regions connected to each other in series; successively passing the liquid feed through the series of reaction regions to catalytically isomerize the epoxycyclododecane compound into a corresponding cyclododecanone compound; and collecting the resultant reaction mixture containing the target cyclododecanone compound from a rearmost reaction region of the series of reaction regions.

Abstract: A cyclododecanone compound is continuously produced by feeding a liquid feed containing a corresponding epoxycyclododecane compound and LiBr and/or LiI into a frontmost reaction region of a plurality of reaction regions connected to each other in series; successively passing the liquid feed through the series of reaction regions to catalytically isomerize the epoxycyclododecane compound into a corresponding cyclododecanone compound; and collecting the resultant reaction mixture containing the target cyclododecanone compound from a rearmost reaction region of the series of reaction regions.

Abstract: A cyclododecanone compound is continuously produced by an isomerization reaction of a corresponding epoxycyclododecane compound in the presence of a catalyst including lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide, the isomerization reaction being carried out by passing a reaction mixture containing the epoxycyclododecane compound and the catalyst through a continuous reaction apparatus including at least one tubular reactor preferably at a temperature of 100 to 350° C.

Abstract: A cyclododecanone compound is produced in a high reaction rate, with a high conversion of the starting compound, and with a high selectivity to and a high yield of the target compound by isomerizing an epoxycyclododecane compound in the presence of a catalyst comprising lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide, without using a solvent or in a non-polar solvent, in an inert gas atmosphere, while substantially no polymeric compounds having a high boiling temperature is produced.

Abstract: A composition consisting essentially of a diaryl carbonate and contains a furan ring-containing compound in an amount of not more than 1 ppm is favorably employable for producing less colored polycarbonate

Abstract: A cyclododecanone compound is produced in a high reaction rate, with a high conversion of the starting compound, and with a high selectivity to and a high yield of the target compound by isomerizing an epoxycyclododecane compound in the presence of a catalyst comprising lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide, without using a solvent or in a non-polar solvent, in an inert gas atmosphere, while substantially no polymeric compounds having a high boiling temperature is produced.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing an organic phosphonium chloride is performed by bringing an organic phosphonium bromide into contact with a chloride ion in a heterogeneous mixture solution of water and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for producing an aryl carbamate of a high purity at a high yield by reacting a diaryl carbonate with an amine compound having one or more hydrogen atoms bonded to the N position in the presence of carboxylic acid(s) of the following general formulae (I): R.sup.1 --COOH and/or (II): R.sup.2 --COOH (wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or cycloalkyl group having an .alpha.-positioned carbon atom bonded to only one hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having an .alpha.-positioned carbon atom bonded to no hydrogen atom, or an aryl or heterocyclic group, and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having an .alpha.-positioned carbon atom bonded to two or more hydrogen atoms).

Abstract: A dialkyl carbonate (e.g., dimethyl carbonate) is prepared at a high yield and a high selectivity by decarbonylation of a dialkyl oxalate (e.g., dimethyl oxalate) in a gaseous phase in the presence of an alkali metal compound (e.g., potassium carbonate).

Abstract: A diaryl carbonate is produced by decarbonylating a diaryl oxalate, which can be prepared by transesterification of a dialkyl oxalate with a hydroxyaryl compound, in the presence of a catalyst, while removing the resultant carbon monoxide as a by-product, and then optionally refined by an evaporation and/or distillation, and then the resultant diaryl carbonate is condensation-polymerized with a polyhydroxyl compound, while recovering a resultant hydroxyaryl compound from the reaction system, to produce a polycarbonate.

Abstract: A catalyst composed of an organic phosphorus compound having a trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus atom and at least one carbon-phosphorus bonding or a combination of the organic phosphorus compound and a halogen atom-containing compound is effective for decarbonylation, that is, for releasing carbon monoxide from a compound containing a moiety of --CO--CO--O-- in its molecular structure.

Abstract: A process for preparing a diaryl carbonate from a diaryl oxalate in a liquid phase by decarbonylation is conducted by the steps of:1) performing a decarbonylation reaction of a diaryl oxalate in the presence of an organic phosphorus compound catalyst to give a reaction mixture of a diaryl carbonate and the organic phosphorus compound catalyst;2) recovering the diaryl carbonate from the reaction mixture; and3) performing a decarbonylation reaction of a diaryl oxalate in the presence of the reaction mixture from which the diaryl carbonate has been recovered and to which a halogen atom-containing compound is added, to give a reaction mixture of a diaryl carbonate and the organic phosphorus compound catalyst.