Abstract: A thermal-electrostatic ink jet recording head is formed of two spaced-apart insulating substrates with an electrostatic field forming electrode and an array of electric heating elements in the slit between the substrates. The heating elements are paired and each of the adjacent heating elements of a pair joined by a common electrode, with each heater having an independent electrode connectable to a switching circuit for selectively heating portions of the ink under the influence of an electrostatic field to cause ink in the heated portions to be jetted. The common electrode preferably is U-shaped with each of its free ends connected to the inner ends of the adjacent electrodes of a pair.

Abstract: A one-dimensional scanner for use in an image reader in which the pitch of the electrode elements is reduced to increase the image density. An upper electrode array has a plurality of upper electrode elements arranged at a predetermined pitch and spacing in a one-dimensional scanning direction while a lower electrode array similarly has a plurality of lower electrode elements arranged at a predetermined pitch and spacing in the one-dimensional scanning direction in an opposed, spaced and staggered relation with respect to the upper electrode elements wherein each lower electrode element is positioned across two adjacent upper electrode elements thereby defining a picture element region therebetween. A layer of material such a photosensitive material, a layer having an electro-optical effect, or a layer of electric-radiant-energy-converting material is disposed between the upper and lower electrode arrays.

Abstract: A one-dimensional scanner for use in an image reader in which the pitch of the electrode elements is reduced to increase the image density. An upper electrode array has a plurality of upper electrode elements arranged at a predetermined pitch and spacing in a one-dimensional scanning direction while a lower electrode array similarly has a plurality of lower electrode elements arranged at a predetermined pitch and spacing in the one-dimensional scanning direction in an opposed, spaced and staggered relation with respect to the upper electrode elements wherein each lower electrode element is positioned across two adjacent upper electrode elements thereby defining a picture element region therebetween. A layer of material such a photosensitive material, a layer having an electro-optical effect, or a layer of electric-radiant-energy-converting material is disposed between the upper and lower electrode arrays.

Abstract: A one-dimensional scanner for use in an image reader in which the pitch of the electrode elements is reduced to increase the image density. An upper electrode array has a plurality of upper electrode elements arranged at a predetermined pitch and spacing in a one-dimensional scanning direction while a lower electrode array similarly has a plurality of lower electrode elements arranged at a predetermined pitch and spacing in the one-dimensional scanning direction in an opposed, spaced and staggered relation with respect to the upper electrode elements wherein each lower electrode element is positioned across two adjacent upper electrode elements thereby defining a picture element region therebetween. A layer of material such a photosensitive material, a layer having an electro-optical effect, or a layer of electric-radiant-energy-converting material is disposed between the upper and lower electrode arrays.