Abstract: A light is illuminated, for example, from the side of a flange of a syringe. An imaging processing is carried out with an image signal issued by imaging a reflected light from the edge of flange by means of a TV camera or CCD camera located, for example, in an upward slant direction. Detecting an irregular state of the image signal caused by the reflected light, a crack or chip at the flange are recognized. The irregular state of the image signal, which is obtained by detecting parts where the light is not reflected, brings the method of being easy to detect the crack or chip at the flange.

Abstract: In a method for detecting an inferior container, wherein: light beams are projected in different two directions upon a side of a transparent or a semitransparent test container while the container is rotatably driven; both of a transmitted beam which is one of the above light beams, having penetrated through the container, and a refelected beam which is the other of the above light beams, having reflected from the container are simultaneously received by a common photo-receptive surface; a composite image constructed of both of the transmitted beam and the reflected beam is projected upon this photo-receptive surface; and an inferior container is detected by means of a shadow formed in this image.

Abstract: A perspective receptacle charged with liquid and having its mouth portion sealed with an opaque seal member is rotated as-erected at a high speed. Due to this high speed rotation, the air resident in the vicinity of the mouth portion of the receptacle forms an air cavity and descends below the seal member. This descending air cavity is detected from the outside of the receptacle by means of an optical detecting member.

Abstract: When a plural number of subjects to be tested are continuously and sequentially measured, and the values obtained by measurement are compared with a standard value for judgement, a prescribed number of newly inputted measured values are sequentially stored, a mean value is computed basing upon stored values for determining the standard value for judgement, and the measured values are compared with the standard value for judgement for judging whether these measured values are to be employed or not. Whenever new measured values are inputted, a new standard value is determined. If there is a value for an inferior subject among newly inputted measured values, the value is omitted from computation of the standard value for judgement.

Abstract: For detecting a leaking in a transparent or semi-transparent vessel by the dye bath method, the light passing through the vessel is divided into three wavelength regions, that is light having the characteristic wavelength of the dye bath liquid, the light having a wavelength shorter than said light as much as prescribed wavelength and the light having a wavelength longer than said light as much as prescribed wavelength, the curvature of transmittance curve based upon difference value of transmittance among three light having different wavelength is obtained for comparing with a preestablished value to judge the vessel to be inferior or normal with the compared output.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting foreign matters in liquids comprising the steps of turning at a high speed a transparent container filled with a liquid, bringing the container to a standstill quickly permitting suspended foreign matters to swirl with the liquid, illuminating the liquid and foreign matters causing the transmitted light to be received by a light detector consisting of a multiplicity of small light sensitive elements measuring 0.01 mm.sup.2 -1 mm.sup.2 and capable of providing output signals proportional to the projected area of foreign matters, and rejecting defective containers that give output signals exceeding the reference value. The small light sensitive elements are connected to the detection visual field selector circuits so that the detection visual field can be changed by selecting a proper number of the small light sensitive elements to be employed according to the size of object to be detected.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting foreign matters by illuminating foreign matters which swirl together with a liquid in a transparent container and measuring transmitted light. Transparent containers filled with liquid are fed one by one to the receiving seats on the transferring board which moves continuously at a fixed speed. The transparent container on the receiving seat, upon arrival at a certain position, is turned at a high speed, while being transferred continuously. Foreign matters that might be preset in liquid are caused to suspend in the liquid. The transparent container, with foreign matters suspended, is moved to the position where the optical detector is located, then the optical detector begins to move in synchronism with the transferring board. During this synchronous movement the container is illuminated by the light source in the optical detector and the light which has been transmitted through the liquid is received by the optical detector.

Abstract: The characteristics of detecting and screening foreign matters that might be present in samples (e.g., ampoules containing a medical fluid) are improved by subjecting samples to more than two foreign matter detectors consecutively, applying the output signals from the detectors to paired comparators in which the comparing reference voltage is set to a high level and a low level, with the detectors being connected to the signal delay circuits that adjust with one another the output time of signals from the comparators, applying all the output signals from the comparators of the high level to an AND circuit and applying all the output signals from the comparators of low level to an OR circuit and further applying the output signals from the AND circuit and the output signals from the OR circuit to another OR circuit.

Abstract: An improved method for inspection of extraneous substances which may exist in a transparent liquid filled in a transparent container such as an ampoule which comprises rotating the container, projecting light through the liquid in the container, measuring the intensity of light beams passed through the container, and determining the extent of interception of light due to the presence of the substances. The invention is characterized by providing two rotating scan heads on an optical fiber line-circle converter and connecting two photoelectrical elements to the heads. This achieves, with the conventional speed, essentially the same effect as that obtained by doubling the rotating speed of the scan heads.

Abstract: An improvement of a method and an apparatus for detection of an extraneous solid substance which may exist in a transparent liquid wherein a sealed transparent container filled with the transparent liquid is rotated to cause rotation of the extraneous solid substance mixed and floated in the liquid. Light is projected through the container and the intensity of the light passed through said container is measured. The invention is characterized in that an optical fiber line-circle converter has its linear end formed into two or more straight files which may be set on the same or different level lines, respectively. The present method and apparatus can detect more precisely the extraneous substance moving in an irregular motion in the transparent liquid.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting and measuring solid alien substance(s), which may adversely exist in a liquid contained in a transparent container, are provided. Light is applied to the container as it is rapidly rotated and then suddenly stopped to cause floating or suspending the solid substance(s) in the liquid. The light passed through the liquid or passed through light and also the light reflected from the solid substance(s) are separately captured and their individual intensities are measured by means of photometry. The method and apparatus may be utilized for sorting out the transparent liquid from that contaminated with solid impurity, depending upon the intensity(s) of the captured light or lights.