Abstract: An image reading device includes a reader, a transparent member, an opposing member, first and second conveyance rotators, and circuitry. The reader reads a sheet. The transparent member is disposed between the reader and the sheet. The opposing member is disposed facing the reader via the transparent member. The first conveyance rotator is disposed upstream from the reader in a conveyance direction of the sheet. The second conveyance rotator is disposed downstream from the reader in the conveyance direction. The circuitry cause the first conveyance rotator and the second conveyance rotator to convey a cleaning sheet at respective conveying speeds different from each other and bring the cleaning sheet into contact with at least one of the transparent member or the opposing member.

Abstract: Main cells that constitute a semiconductor element having a trench gate structure include first cells, and second cells having a structure in which gate insulating films are more easily broken by energization than those in the first cells, and the number of which is smaller than that of the first cells. At a time of driving the semiconductor element, a common gate drive voltage is applied to gate electrodes of the first cells and the second cells. An electrical characteristic is measured to detect failure of the second cells due to energization at the time of driving. The gate electrodes of the failed second cells are electrically isolated from the gate electrodes of the first cells so that the gate drive voltage is not applied to the failed second cells. The failure of the first cells is predicted based on the failure of the second cells.

Abstract: An image inspector includes a recording device and circuitry. The reading device is configured to read an image on a recording medium. The circuitry is configured to determine whether the recording medium has a wrinkle and an edge folding based on a plurality of positions on the image on the recording medium read by the reading device satisfying a predetermined relation. The circuitry is configured to determine whether the recording medium has the wrinkle based on the predetermined relation, and then determine whether the recording medium has the edge folding based on the predetermined relation.

Abstract: A modulation frequency control unit (36) controls a displacement-use transmission unit (34) such that displacement-use ultrasonic beam (EB) is subjected to modulation processing using a relatively high modulation frequency and a relatively low modulation frequency. A displacement measurement unit (24) measures the displacement of a tissue in a treatment area (P) at each of the modulation frequencies, and a coagulation measurement unit (25) measures local coagulation in the treatment area (P) on the basis of the measurement result of the displacement at the relatively high modulation frequency, and measures wide-area coagulation in the treatment area (P) on the basis of the measurement result of the displacement at the relatively low modulation frequency.