Abstract: Two subsystems, each including a microphone, a speaker, a canceling sound-generating adder, an error-computing adder, and two adaptive filters and two auxiliary filters that accept two noises as input, are provided in correspondence with two cancellation positions. Each canceling sound-generating adder adds together the outputs from the adaptive filters and outputs the result to the speaker of each subsystem. Each error-computing adder adds together the output from the microphone of the subsystem and the output from the auxiliary filter of the subsystem, and the result is treated as the error of the adaptive filters of each subsystem. A transfer function is learned in advance and set in each auxiliary filter such that each error computed by each error-computing adder becomes zero (0) when a transfer function in which each noise is canceled at each cancellation position in a predetermined standard acoustic environment is set in each adaptive filter.

Abstract: Audio (noise source) is output as a cancellation sound through a variable filter and a first filter, and transmitted to the second filter. A subtractor subtracts an output of a second filter from an output of a microphone, and an adaptive algorithm execution unit updates a transfer function of the variable filter so that the subtracted result becomes zero (0). A transfer function A for the first filter is a transfer function which can cancel noise at a position of a user's ear by setting, as the cancellation sound, a sound obtained by applying the transfer function A to audio at the time of learning, and a transfer function B for the second filter is a transfer function which can eliminate, for the cancellation sound, a difference between a sound obtained by applying the transfer function B to audio and the output of the microphone.

Abstract: An upper limit of a frequency range of audio indicated by input audio data is detected. A representative point extraction unit downsamples the input audio data to a sampling rate set to be less than or equal to twice the detected upper limit to obtain representative-point audio data. An interpolation processing unit upsamples the representative-point audio data by using a fractal interpolation function (FIF) that uses a mapping function calculated by a mapping function calculation unit, while using the input audio data, if necessary, to generate high-frequency interpolated audio data.

Abstract: An upper limit of a frequency range of audio indicated by input audio data is detected. A representative point extraction unit downsamples the input audio data to a sampling rate set to be less than or equal to twice the detected upper limit to obtain representative-point audio data. An interpolation processing unit upsamples the representative-point audio data by using a fractal interpolation function (FIF) that uses a mapping function calculated by a mapping function calculation unit, while using the input audio data, if necessary, to generate high-frequency interpolated audio data.

Abstract: A two-dimensional code made up of a matrix of cells formed with dark and light squares arranged in a pattern carrying an optically readable binary-coded data, and a method of reading such a two-dimensional code. The two-dimensional code features a structure in which at least two data regions are defined in a data field of the matrix. One of the data regions retains a code represented by the cells having a larger size, while the other data region retains a code represented by the cells having a smaller size. The use of cells of different sizes in representing the codes allows the codes to be read correctly under different conditions.

Abstract: An object checking system, particularly a signature checking system, verifies each card carrier by checking a signature entered from a tablet provided for a signature checking terminal device with a reference data stored in an IC card carried by the card carrier. The card is provided with a signature checker used to check the signature according to the checking algorithm corresponding to the reference data. The terminal device sends the hand-written signature to the card and receives the check result from the signature checker. Thus, the terminal device can verify the card carrier regardless of the type of the reference data stored in the card. In addition, only the signature checking program may be stored in the card, so that the terminal device reads the checking program to check the target signature or many signature checking programs may be stored in the terminal device in advance.

Abstract: A method and a system for controlling the ignition timing of internal combustion engines, or more in particular for preventing engine over-revolutions by reducing the engine speed when it becomes excessively high. The ignition timing control system is realized by a microcomputer, so that when the engine speed exceeds a predetermined high level, ignition stop operations by an ignition stop unit and ignition retard operations by a retarded ignition unit are repeated as many times as determined by the number of cylinders involved to reduce the engine speed. When the engine speed is in a predetermined high range, the ignition retardation is controlled by feedback in accordance with the engine speed, and further controlled in combination with the ignition stop as required. The method and system according to the invention is suitably used for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine having an ignition system of electronic distribution type with a carburetor and a simultaneous ignition coil.

Abstract: An electronic control apparatus for use in vehicles comprised of two, one-chip microcomputers. The microcomputers each have a ROM and a RAM and are used to control different systems provided in the vehicle. The ROM of the second microcomputer stores an operational program which can be used to calculate control values for controlling various types of devices. It also stores operational map data which can be used to calculate control values for controlling various types of devices. Various signals output by the sensors provided in the vehicle are supplied to both microcomputers. At the start of the power supply to the apparatus, the operational map data stored in the ROM of the first microcomputer, which is to be used by the second microcomputer, is transferred to the RAM of the second microcomputer. The second microcomputer calculates a control value from the transferred operational map data, the signals output by the sensors and other data, thereby controlling the system assigned to it.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the spark timing of an internal combustion engine comprises means for generating a reference position signal with reference to a predetermined engine crankshaft position; waveform shaping means for generating a reference pulse signal having a leading edge advanced with respect to the predetermined crankshaft position as a function of the engine speed, in accordance with the reference position signal; means for detecting the amount of engine load; means for detecting the rotational speed of engine; means for computing a period of time elapsed from the leading edge of the reference pulse in accordance with the detected engine load and engine speed in order to establish a spark timing; means for detecting the variation of period between the leading edge and trailing edge of the reference pulse in relation to each cylinder; and means for correcting the computed period of time in accordance with the detected variation and for generating an output signal causing ignition to occur after

Abstract: In response to a predetermined engine crankshaft position a reference pulse is generated having a leading edge advanced with respect to that predetermined position as a function of the rotational speed of the crankshaft. At low engine speeds the reference pulse is directly used as the ignition current. A start-of-dwell-time data word is derived in response to the trailing edge of the reference pulse and an end-of-dwell-time data word is derived in response to the leading edge of a subsequent reference pulse. These data words are used for engine operations at constant high speeds to advance the beginning and end of the dwell time of ignition current by an amount commensurate with an increase in engine speed. When the engine is rapidly accelerated the dwell time is started in response to the leading edge of the reference pulse and terminated when the end-of-dwell-time data word is decremented to zero.