Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes a block copolymer having a hydrophilic segment, a hydrophobic segment, and a boronic acid compound bound to a side chain of the hydrophobic segment via a linker moiety that includes a heterocyclic structure. The heterocyclic structure contains a cyclic skeleton that includes a boron atom of the boronic acid compound, one or two atom(s) X bound to the boron atom and selected from an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom, and one or two carbon atom(s) (respectively) bound to the atom(s) X. The block copolymer further includes at least one organic group bound to the carbon atom(s). The organic group(s) contain(s) an aromatic group or cyclic alkyl group that sterically protects a boronic acid ester bond and/or a boron amide bond resulting from bonding between the boron atom and the atom(s) X.

Abstract: A trigger generating device includes: a level setting section detecting a maximum level of an audio signal in each predetermined period and setting a threshold with reference to the maximum level; and a trigger generating section comparing the audio signal and the threshold and generating a trigger signal when the level of the audio signal changes from a level smaller than the threshold to a level greater than the threshold.

Abstract: A navigation apparatus of a vehicle having a monitor displaying a routing path from a current location to a designated destination on a map, and an auxiliary display installed independently of the monitor at a position closer than the monitor to a lower edge of a windshield. In the apparatus, the auxiliary display is operated to display a first bent arrow of prescribed length indicating that an intersection to turn is a first predetermined distance away from the current location when a calculated distance becomes equal to the first predetermined distance, and a second bent arrow of a length shorter than the prescribed length indicating that the intersection approaches closer when the distance becomes equal to a second predetermined distance defined shorter than the first predetermined distance, thereby enabling to provide sure visual route guidance to driver.