Abstract: A pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus includes: an electrode portion including: a first electrode, a tip end of which is adapted to be inserted into a skin; and at lease one second electrode which is disposed in a circumference of the first electrode without being electrically conductive with the first electrode, and which is adapted to be in contact with a skin; and a stimulation signal supplying unit, supplying a bipolar stimulation signal between the first electrode and the second electrode, the bipolar stimulation signal including a first waveform signal and a second waveform, the first waveform which is convex in a negative direction in the first electrode, the second waveform signal which is convex in a positive direction in the first electrode.

Abstract: A pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus includes: an electrode portion including: a first electrode, a tip end of which is adapted to be inserted into a skin; and at lease one second electrode which is disposed in a circumference of the first electrode without being electrically conductive with the first electrode, and which is adapted to be in contact with a skin; and a pulse signal supplier, supplying a pulse signal in which an electrical polarity of the first electrode is set as a anode and an electrical polarity of the second electrode is set as a cathode.

Abstract: A pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus includes: a stimulation electrode which is adapted to be attached to a living body, at least one of an exogenous algesic substance and pyrogen which is to be interposed between the living body and the stimulation electrode; and a stimulation power supplier which is configured to supply electric power to the stimulation electrode.

Abstract: A sympathetic skin response measuring sympathetic skin response measuring method includes supplying a power for stimulating only C fibers in a living body, to a stimulation electrode applied to the living body, measuring information of a sympathetic skin response based on a signal obtained from a measurement electrode applied to the living body, and outputting the information measured in the measuring step.

Abstract: A pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus includes: a stimulation electrode which is adapted to be attached to a living body, at least one of an exogenous algesic substance and pyrogen which is to be interposed between the living body and the stimulation electrode; and a stimulation power supplier which is configured to supply electric power to the stimulation electrode.

Abstract: A sympathetic skin response measuring apparatus includes: a stimulation power supplying section configured to supply a power for stimulating only C fibers in a living body, to a stimulation electrode adapted to be applied to the living body; a measuring section configured to measure information of a sympathetic skin response based on a signal obtained from a measurement electrode adapted to be applied to the living body; and an outputting section configured to output the information measured by the measuring section.

Abstract: A pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus includes: an electrode portion including: a first electrode, a tip end of which is adapted to be inserted into a skin; and at lease one second electrode which is disposed in a circumference of the first electrode without being electrically conductive with the first electrode, and which is adapted to be in contact with a skin; and a stimulation signal supplying unit, supplying a bipolar stimulation signal between the first electrode and the second electrode, the bipolar stimulation signal including a first waveform signal and a second waveform, the first waveform which is convex in a negative direction in the first electrode, the second waveform signal which is convex in a positive direction in the first electrode.

Abstract: A pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus includes: an electrode portion including: a first electrode, a tip end of which is adapted to be inserted into a skin; and at lease one second electrode which is disposed in a circumference of the first electrode without being electrically conductive with the first electrode, and which is adapted to be in contact with a skin; and a pulse signal supplier, supplying a pulse signal in which an electrical polarity of the first electrode is set as a anode and an electrical polarity of the second electrode is set as a cathode.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula wherein R1 either represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an ester residue, an alkali metal or negative charge, and R3 and R4 are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbonic group optionally containing hetero atom(s) selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom(s), sulfur atom(s) and nitrogen atom(s), or they are combined together with the nitrogen atom to which they bound to form a heterocyclic group, and the use thereof as an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a compound represented by the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom, each of A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are the same or different and are selected from a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, provided that at least A.sup.1, A.sup.2, or A.sup.3 is a nitrogen atom. Each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are selected from a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a halogen atom, and a nitro group. It is also provided that where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are adjacent to each other, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be combined with each other to form a 5- or 6-membered ring which may carry on the ring thereof one substituent selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a nitrile group, a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, and an amino-(lower alkyl) group.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a negative charge, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, Ar is a phenyl group, a naphthyl group or a group of: ##STR2## (wherein each of A.sub.4 and A.sub.5 is a single bond, --NHSO.sub.2 -- or the like, and Het is a pyrrolinyl group, a 1,4-diazabicyclo?2.2.2!octanyl group or the like which may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl lower alkyl group or the like) which may be substituted with a lower alkyl group, a lower alkylsulfamoyl group or the like which may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a di-lower alkylsulfonyl group or the like; a hydroxyl group; a di-lower alkylsulfamoyl group or the like, each of A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and A.sub.

Abstract: Carbapenem compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters are provided: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, p, q and r are as defined herein, which are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the structural formula I: ##STR1## its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester, or its crystalline, which is a novel optically active compound useful as a curing agent for bacterial infections, a process for production thereof and a use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the structural formula: ##STR1## or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester, which is a novel optically active compound useful as a curing agent for bacterial infections, a process for production thereof and a use thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a negative charge, each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a formimidoyl group, an acetoimidoyl group, --COOR.sup.4, --CON(R.sup.5)R.sup.6, --N(R.sup.5)R.sup.6, --CH.sub.2 COOR.sup.4, --CH.sub.2 N(R.sup.5)R.sup.6 or --CH.sub.2 CON(R.sup.5)R.sup.6 (wherein R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 form together with the adjacent nitrogen atom a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of an aziridinyl group, an azetidinyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group and a piperidyl group), A is .dbd.NR.sup.7, .dbd.N.sup.+ (R.sup.7)R.sup.8, wherein each of R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a negative charge, R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkyl group substituted with a hydroxyl group or --COOR.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), A is .dbd.NH, .dbd.NR.sup.4 or .dbd.N(R.sup.4)R.sup.5 (wherein each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which may be the same or different, is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkyl group substituted with a hydroxyl group), p is an integer of from 0 to 3, and each of q and r which may be the same or different, is an integer of from 0 to 5, provided that q and r are not simultaneously 0 and q +r.ltoreq.6; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl-protecting group or a negative charge and Q is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an acetoxy group, a carbamoyloxy group, an azide group, a substituted or unsubstituted quarternary ammonio group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic thio group having at least one hetero atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom, or a non-toxic salt or physiologically hydrolyzable non-toxic ester thereof; a process for producing it; and an antibacterial agent comprising it as an active ingredient.Further, the present invention also relates to a compound having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which may be the same or different is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl-protecting group, or a salt thereof; and a process for producing it.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form together with the adjacent nitrogen atom a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of an aziridinyl group, an azetidinyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidino group, a piperazinyl group and a morpholino group, A is a carbonyl group or a single bond, and n is an integer of from 0 to 3; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, each of R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a methylene group, an ethylene group or a propylene group, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 form together with the adjacent nitrogen atom an aziridinyl group, an azetidinyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidino group, a piperazinyl group or a morpholino group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl-protecting group or a negative charge and Q is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an acetoxy group, a carbamoyl group, an azide group, a substituted or unsubstituted quarternary ammonio group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic thio group having at least one hetero atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom, or a non-toxic salt or physiologically hydrolyzable non-toxic ester thereof; a process for producing it; and an antibacterial agent comprising it as an active ingredient.Further, the present invention also relates to a compound having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which may be the same or different is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl-protecting group, or a salt thereof; and a process for producing it.