Abstract: A transport device includes a moving mechanism and a plate. The moving mechanism includes a pinion, a conversion mechanism, which converts vertical motion of an upper die assembly into rotational motion of the pinion, and a rack, which is moved as the pinion rotates. The moving mechanism is configured to move, when the rack moves from the top dead center position to a bottom dead center position, the plate to a position that is away from a die apparatus in a conveying direction and is below a conveying surface. The pinion includes a toothless portion that does not mesh with the rack when the rack moves between the bottom dead center position and a middle position that is between the top dead center position and the bottom dead center position.

Abstract: An acquisition unit acquires a required torque and an operating state of an internal combustion engine. A control unit is configured to: control operation of the internal combustion engine by using a required air amount, a required fuel amount, and a required ignition timing; acquire a required air amount by using the acquired required torque and a target air-fuel ratio of an air system determined according to the operating state; perform torque fluctuation correction on the target air-fuel ratio of the air system to determine a target air-fuel ratio of an injection system to reduce a difference between the required torque and an actual torque in a transition period between stoichiometric combustion and lean combustion; acquire a required fuel amount and a required ignition timing by using the determined target air-fuel ratio of the air system and the determined target air-fuel ratio of the injection system.

Abstract: A purge control unit opens the purge control valve to supply, as purge gas to an intake passage, the evaporative fuel together with air in response to a predetermined purge request. An air-fuel ratio detection unit detects an air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine. A concentration learning unit estimates a fuel concentration in the purge gas based on a change in the air-fuel ratio when the purge control unit causes the purge gas to be supplied to the intake passage and to perform a fuel concentration learning to update a concentration learning value, which is a learning value of the fuel concentration in the purge gas, based on the estimated fuel concentration. An injection control unit corrects a fuel injection amount based on the concentration learning value in a period in which the concentration learning unit performs the fuel concentration learning in the lean combustion operation.

Abstract: A purge control unit opens the purge control valve to supply, as purge gas to an intake passage, the evaporative fuel together with air in response to a predetermined purge request. An air-fuel ratio detection unit detects an air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine. A concentration learning unit estimates a fuel concentration in the purge gas based on a change in the air-fuel ratio when the purge control unit causes the purge gas to be supplied to the intake passage and to perform a fuel concentration learning to update a concentration learning value, which is a learning value of the fuel concentration in the purge gas, based on the estimated fuel concentration. An injection control unit corrects a fuel injection amount based on the concentration learning value in a period in which the concentration learning unit performs the fuel concentration learning in the lean combustion operation.

Abstract: An acquisition unit acquires a required torque and an operating state of an internal combustion engine. A control unit is configured to: control operation of the internal combustion engine by using a required air amount, a required fuel amount, and a required ignition timing; acquire a required air amount by using the acquired required torque and a target air-fuel ratio of an air system determined according to the operating state; perform torque fluctuation correction on the target air-fuel ratio of the air system to determine a target air-fuel ratio of an injection system to reduce a difference between the required torque and an actual torque in a transition period between stoichiometric combustion and lean combustion; acquire a required fuel amount and a required ignition timing by using the determined target air-fuel ratio of the air system and the determined target air-fuel ratio of the injection system.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool capable of expanding a range in which adjustment work can be readily performed and reducing manufacturing cost. Provided is a cutting tool including: a cartridge to which a cutting member having a cutting edge is fixed; a body having at least one cartridge mounting part in which the cartridge is installed; and an adjustment plate installed between walls or a bottom surface constituting the cartridge mounting part and the cartridge, wherein the walls or the bottom surface of the cartridge mounting part has a recessed part for housing the adjustment plate.

Abstract: A lubricating oil for press working contains a base oil and a fat or oil-containing additive and a calcium-containing additive added to the base oil. The proportion of the fat or oil-containing additive with respect to the whole volume of the lubricating oil for press working is 10 to 30%. The proportion of the calcium-containing additive with respect to the whole volume of the lubricating oil for press working is 5 to 15%.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool capable of expanding a range in which adjustment work can be readily performed and reducing manufacturing cost. Provided is a cutting tool including: a cartridge to which a cutting member having a cutting edge is fixed; a body having at least one cartridge mounting part in which the cartridge is installed; and an adjustment plate installed between walls or a bottom surface constituting the cartridge mounting part and the cartridge, wherein the walls or the bottom surface of the cartridge mounting part has a recessed part for housing the adjustment plate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for creating a color scale that can be used as more objective assessment criteria used for the evaluation of the masticatory force by a color-changeable chewing gum by analyzing the characteristics of the color change in the gum along with the progress in mastication in people having toothed jaws. A method for creating a color scale, comprising having a plurality of people having toothed jaws masticate color-changeable chewing gums, obtaining a regression equation for the color presented by the masticated gum and the color difference between the gum before and the gum after mastication, and further, obtaining a regression equation for the number of times of mastication and the color difference between the gum before and the gum after mastication, to thereby obtain the number of times of mastication performed by the people having toothed jaws and the color difference in the color presented by the masticated gum.

Abstract: Provided are a lens barrel part and a method of producing the same, such that the generation of grinding debris due to friction with lenses is suppressed while maintaining the air permeability of porous ceramics. Those areas of a lens barrel part 1 which are in contact with the lenses are ground in the water by a polishing tool 25, with the result that in those regions of surfaces in contact with the lenses where fine projections exist, protection film portions 28 consisting of hydrates or oxides are created due to the generation of tribochemical reactions, and that in those regions of surfaces in contact with the lenses which are other than the regions where fine projections are present, there exist porous portions 29 where no tribochemical reaction occurs and where a porous state remains.

Abstract: Provided are a lens barrel part and a method of producing the same, such that the generation of grinding debris due to friction with lenses is suppressed while maintaining the air permeability of porous ceramics. Those areas of a lens barrel part 1 which are in contact with the lenses are ground in the water by a polishing tool 25, with the result that in those regions of surfaces in contact with the lenses where fine projections exist, protection film portions 28 consisting of hydrates or oxides are created due to the generation of tribochemical reactions, and that in those regions of surfaces in contact with the lenses which are other than the regions where fine projections are present, there exist porous portions 29 where no tribochemical reaction occurs and where a porous state remains.

Abstract: Among three lenses housed in a lens barrel, a first lens and a second lens are adjacent to each other. A position regulating section is a part where a first protrusion of the first lens is formed. A shielding member is provided at a position interposed between the first lens and the second lens and limits a passing luminous flux. An engagement section is a part of the shielding member, and in this part, there is formed an opening into which the first protrusion of the first lens enters. The engagement section engages with the position regulating section, and thereby the position of the shielding member in a direction crossing an optical axis is regulated.

Abstract: A method for creating a color scale which can be used as a more objective determination criteria in order to analyze the color change characteristics of a gum with the progression of mastication of individuals with healthy teeth and jaw and to use for evaluation of masticatory performance by a color-changeable chewing gum is provided. A method for creating a color scale in which the number of times of mastication by individuals with healthy teeth and jaw and the color difference of the color developed by the gum after mastication are determined by having a plurality of individuals with healthy teeth and jaw masticate a color-changeable chewing gum to determine a regression equation of the color developed by the gum after mastication and the color difference of gums before and after mastication and further determining a regression equation of the number of times of mastication and the color difference of gums before and after mastication.

Abstract: A driving apparatus comprises: an electromechanical conversion element that expands and contracts in an extending direction of a given fiducial line; a driving shaft mounted on one end of the electromechanical conversion element in the extending direction; a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving shaft; a holder that supports the electromechanical conversion element from lateral sides with respect to extending direction; and an urging member that urges the electromechanical conversion element in the extending direction.

Abstract: A lens assembly made of porous ceramic is provided with concave sections into which an adhesive for fixing lenses inserted into a lens frame is injected. Each of the concave sections has an outward opening and a spacing wall provided between a hollow part of the lens frame and the opening. The adhesive injected into the concave sections passes through multiple pores in the lens frame made of porous ceramic, and reaches the periphery of each of the lenses, thereby fixing the lenses to an inner wall of the hollow part of the lens frame.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a barrel having an object-side opening and an image-forming-side opening. The barrel further has a positioning section that positions an image-forming-side surface of a lens by having line contact around an optical axis at a center. The positioning section is disposed at a position that is closer to an object side than the image-forming-side opening of the barrel is. The barrel also has an image-forming section that extends from the positioning section to a center of the optical axis along the image-forming-side surface of the lens and forms an edge of the image-forming-side opening of the barrel.

Abstract: A driving apparatus comprises: an electromechanical conversion element that expands and contracts in an extending direction of a given fiducial line; a driving shaft mounted on one end of the electromechanical conversion element in the extending direction; a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving shaft; a holder that supports the electromechanical conversion element and comprises a bearing portion for the driving shaft; and an inclination adjusting mechanism, disposed in the bearing portion, that adjusts inclination of the driving shaft with respect to the fiducial line.

Abstract: A cover member disposed in front of a lens includes a central section and a peripheral section. The peripheral section surrounds the central section and has a step bordering the central section. A part of the central section on a side bordering on the peripheral section is formed to be an inclined surface. Each of a starting point and an end point of the inclined surface is formed to be a curved surface. The cover member has a coated surface.

Abstract: Among three lenses housed in a lens barrel, a first lens and a second lens are adjacent to each other. A position regulating section is a part where a first protrusion of the first lens is formed. A shielding member is provided at a position interposed between the first lens and the second lens and limits a passing luminous flux. An engagement section is a part of the shielding member, and in this part, there is formed an opening into which the first protrusion of the first lens enters. The engagement section engages with the position regulating section, and thereby the position of the shielding member in a direction crossing an optical axis is regulated.

Abstract: A driving apparatus comprises: an electromechanical conversion element that expands and contracts in an extending direction of a given fiducial line; a driving shaft mounted on one end of the electromechanical conversion element in the extending direction; a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving shaft; a holder that supports the electromechanical conversion element and comprises a bearing portion for the driving shaft; and an inclination adjusting mechanism, disposed in the bearing portion, that adjusts inclination of the driving shaft with respect to the fiducial line.