Abstract: A fixing unit or device that can be used in an image forming apparatus includes a first heater element that is formed of a material that increases in electrical resistance with increases in temperature. A controller of the fixing unit is configured to vary a duty ratio of electric power applied to the first heater element during a start-up operation in which the temperature of the first heater element is raised to a target operating temperature. By varying the duty ratio during the start-up operation, changes in the resistance of the first heater element with the heating can be compensated. For example, the duty ratio can be increased during the course of the start-up to achieve the target operating temperature faster.

Abstract: A liquid deodorant composition comprising an aqueous solution containing specific 3d transition metal halides is provided. This deodorant composition does not require high facility and operating costs, and can effectively reduce malodors, especially sulfureous and nitrogenous offensive odor substances.