Abstract: A fuel-cell cell capable of reducing elution of particles with a catalytic function into the electrolyte membrane is provided. A fuel-cell cell according to the present disclosure includes an electrolyte membrane, a cathode catalyst layer laminated on a first main surface side of the electrolyte membrane, a cathode gas diffusion layer laminated on the cathode catalyst layer, an anode catalyst layer laminated on a second surface side of the electrolyte membrane, and an anode gas diffusion layer laminated on the anode catalyst layer. The cathode catalyst layer includes a cathode catalyst in which catalyst particles with a catalytic function are carried on a carrier, and the cathode catalyst includes a water-repellent polymer material in at least part of a surface thereof.

Abstract: A gas sensor element includes: a supporting base material; a first light-emitting layer that is provided on the supporting base material and contains a first light-emitting particle which emits light at a first peak wavelength; a sensor layer that is provided on the first light-emitting layer and adsorbs gas molecules; a second light-emitting layer that is provided on the sensor layer and contains a second light-emitting particle which emits light at a second peak wavelength different from the first peak wavelength; and a protective layer that is provided on the second light-emitting layer, in which the gas sensor element has a laminated structure in which the supporting base material, the first light-emitting layer, the sensor layer, the second light-emitting layer, and the protective layer are laminated in this order, and the laminated structure includes an opening that penetrates a part or entirety of the laminated structure.

Abstract: A catalyst, includes: a carbon support that possesses functional groups including a carboxyl group; and a metal that is supported onto the carbon support, wherein the proportion of the carboxyl group to the functional groups is 10% or higher. A method for producing a catalyst includes: (i) supporting metal particles onto a carbon support; (ii) bringing the carbon support into contact with an acid solution; and (iii) calcining the carbon support after Step (ii), wherein the carbon support included in the produced catalyst possesses functional groups including a carboxyl group, and the proportion of said carboxyl group to the functional groups is 10% or higher.

Abstract: A catalyst layer, includes: a carrier; metal particles located over the carrier; an underlayer located on the carrier; and an ionomer-based layer located over the underlayer, wherein the underlayer includes a polymer material, and covers at least parts of the metal particles, and the ionomer-based layer includes a proton-conducting resin. A fuel cell electrode includes the catalyst layer, and a fuel cell including the above catalyst layer. A method for producing a catalyst layer, includes: bringing at least one first solution including a polymer material into contact with a metal-particle-supported carrier to form an underlayer; and bringing a second solution including a proton-conducting resin into contact with the metal-particle-supported carrier to coat said metal-particle-supported carrier with the proton-conducting resin.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a catalyst, including: (i) mixing a core metal salt that serves as a material for a core metal, and a complexing agent (a) to produce a core metal complex solution containing a core metal complex; (ii) mixing a shell metal salt that serves as a material for a shell metal, and a complexing agent (b) to produce a shell metal complex solution containing a shell metal complex; (iii) mixing a carbon powder and a dispersing agent to produce a carbon powder dispersion; (iv) mixing the core metal complex solution, the shell metal complex solution, and the carbon powder dispersion, and reducing the core metal complex and the shell metal complex on the carbon powder by using at least one reducing agent; and (v) drying and baking at a predetermined temperature the carbon powder resulting from Step (iv), said carbon powder having a core-shell structure that includes the core metal and the shell metal.

Abstract: A catalyst, includes: a carbon support that possesses functional groups including a carboxyl group; and a metal that is supported onto the carbon support, wherein the proportion of the carboxyl group to the functional groups is 10% or higher. A method for producing a catalyst includes: (i) supporting metal particles onto a carbon support; (ii) bringing the carbon support into contact with an acid solution; and (iii) calcining the carbon support after Step (ii), wherein the carbon support included in the produced catalyst possesses functional groups including a carboxyl group, and the proportion of said carboxyl group to the functional groups is 10% or higher.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a catalyst, including: (i) mixing a core metal salt that serves as a material for a core metal, and a complexing agent (a) to produce a core metal complex solution containing a core metal complex; (ii) mixing a shell metal salt that serves as a material for a shell metal, and a complexing agent (b) to produce a shell metal complex solution containing a shell metal complex; (iii) mixing a carbon powder and a dispersing agent to produce a carbon powder dispersion; (iv) mixing the core metal complex solution, the shell metal complex solution, and the carbon powder dispersion, and reducing the core metal complex and the shell metal complex on the carbon powder by using at least one reducing agent; and (v) drying and baking at a predetermined temperature the carbon powder resulting from Step (iv), said carbon powder having a core-shell structure that includes the core metal and the shell metal.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a main circuit including a transistor, a pseudo-power supply line connected to a first power supply terminal of the main circuit, a first power supply line connected to the pseudo-power supply line via a first switch, a second power supply line connected to a second power supply terminal of the main circuit, a diode having a first end connected to the pseudo-power supply line and a second end connected to the first power supply line so that a potential difference between the pseudo-power supply line and the second power supply line is reduced in a conductive state, and a second switch having a first end connected to the pseudo-power supply line and a second end connected to the second power supply line.