Abstract: The present invention provides a printed wiring board which has high insulation resistance between wirings and is unlikely to cause failures such as leakages or short circuits, attributable to ion migration even in high temperatures and highly humid environments. The printed wiring board has a circuit comprising a metal conductor on base metal layers created by forming an insulating resin layer 4 on at least one face of an insulating substrate 1 and forming the base metal layers 2 and 5 on the insulating resin layer. In the printed wiring board, at least a part of an upper face of the insulating resin layer existing in spaces 11 between the metal conductors is formed at a position lower than the interface between the base metal layer 5 and the insulating resin layer 4.

Abstract: A resin block insulating system comprising a plurality of resin blocks laid so as to cover a high-voltage part. Each of the resin blocks has a side surface opposite to a side surface of an adjacent resin block via a gap formed therebetween. The side surfaces are substantially parallel with each other and extend in an inclined direction with reference to a thickness direction of the resin block insulating system so as to extend an insulation length of the gap.

Abstract: Described is a semiconductor device comprising a plurality of inner leads each made of copper or an alloy thereof; a heat sink made of copper or an alloy thereof, bonded to one end of each of a plurality of inner leads via an insulating adhesive layer and having a semiconductor element mounted on the heat sink via a metal wire; a plurality of metal wires each electrically connecting the semiconductor element and each of the plurality of inner leads; an encapsulating resin encapsulating the semiconductor element and the plurality of metal wires; and a plurality of outer leads protruded outside of the encapsulating resin and bent in the gullwing form. The encapsulating resin has been added with an additive forming a compound with an ionic impurity so that water at the peeling portion becomes near neutral, which prevents reaction and easy elution of copper, thereby preventing Cu migration.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device which is assembled by making use of a lead frame 1 with a heat radiation plate 3 in which the lead frame 1 and the heat radiation plate 3 made of copper or copper alloy are joined by an adhesive layer 2 formed on a surface of the heat radiation plate 3 and at least a part of the inner leads 1a of the lead frame 1 is applied of a plating for a metallic fine wire connection, at least the entire portion where the lead frame 1 joins with the adhesive layer 2 is covered by at least one metal or alloy thereof different from the metallic fine wire connecting use plating selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum, iridium, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, indium, tin, molybdenum, tungsten, gallium, zinc, chromium, niobium, tantalum, titanium and zirconium. Thereby, generation of inconveniences such as leakage and shorting due to ion migration can be prevented.

Abstract: In order to restrict a local concentration of an electric field in a conductor layer end portion of an insulating circuit board and increase a partial electric discharge starting voltage, thereby improving an insulating reliability of the insulating circuit board and a power semiconductor apparatus employing the same, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a insulating circuit board comprising the step of applying a voltage between the circuit patterns of the insulating circuit board in an atmospheric or depressurized gas so as to allow the circuit board to discharge electricity, or irradiating a laser beam, thereby a projection shape of the end portion of the electrode conductor is melted and smoothened so as to restrict the concentration of the electric field.

Abstract: An ignition coil for an internal-combustion engine has satisfactory electrical insulation capacity and is excellent in reliability and durability. The ignition coil for an internal-combustion engine comprises a primary bobbin on which a primary coil is wound, a secondary bobbin on which a secondary coil is wound, and a center core. The area of a cross section of the center core perpendicular to an axis of the coils at a position on the inner side of the opposite ends of the center core is a maximum.

Abstract: A resin is blocked to provide an electric insulating layer, which covers a high-voltage part densely, so that the electric insulating layer is easy to disassemble.

Abstract: A bending angle of each joint of a multiple-jointed object is represented with a function expressed independently of a length between joints of the object. Based on the function, contour data is produced for a motion of each joint, which is then displayed on a screen. With this provision, it is unnecessary to generate again functions each time the object is changed in its size. Namely, the functions are independent of the size of the object. Since parameters of the functions can be altered to add characteristics to changes in the bending angles the respective joints, the object is actuated in an action having an emotional expression.

Abstract: An ignition coil for an internal-combustion engine has satisfactory electrical insulation capacity and is excellent in reliability and durability. The ignition coil for an internal-combustion engine comprises a primary bobbin on which a primary coil is wound, a secondary bobbin on which a secondary coil is wound, and a center core. The area of a cross section of the center core perpendicular to an axis of the coils at a position on the inner side of the opposite ends of the center core is a maximum.

Abstract: An ignition coil comprises a center magnetic core, a secondary coil wound on a secondary coil bobbin which is arranged at an outer side of said center magnetic core, a primary coil wound on a primary coil bobbin which is arranged at an outer side of said secondary coil. At least one of said secondary coil bobbin and said primary coil bobbin is formed by a, material which contains sulfur in a main chain of an aromatic class. The ignition coil has a superior anti-electric treeing. A coil component of the secondary coil and the primary coil of the ignition coil is arranged and accommodated in a coil case, an epoxy resin filling up at least melting silica is potted and is hardened. A development of the electric treeing can be restrained and the ignition coil having a superior endurance performance can be provided.

Abstract: An ignition coil comprises a center magnetic core, a secondary coil wound on a secondary coil bobbin which is arranged at an outer side of said center magnetic core, a primary coil wound on a primary coil bobbin which is arranged at an outer side of said secondary coil. At least one of said secondary coil bobbin and said primary coil bobbin is formed by a material which contains sulfur in a main chain of an aromatic class. The ignition coil has a superior anti-electric treeing. A coil component of the secondary coil and the primary coil of the ignition coil is arranged and accommodated in a coil case, an epoxy resin filling up at least melting silica is potted and is hardened. A development of the electric treeing can be restrained and the ignition coil having a superior endurance performance can be provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing animation image wherein at least one quantum is given to at least one point to be observed in a space in which an animated object is contained, and the position of the animated object is modified in each frame of a plurality of successive frames on the basis of a value obtained through observation by the animated object of at least one of the quanta given to the point to be observed.

Abstract: A bending angle of each joint of a multiple-jointed object is represented with a function expressed independently of a length between joints of the object. Based on the function, contour data is produced for a motion of each joint, which is then displayed on a screen. With this provision, it is unnecessary to generate again functions each time the size of the object changes. Namely, the functions are independent of the size of the object. Since parameters of the functions can be altered to add characteristics to changes in the bending angles the respective joints, the object is actuated in an action having an emotional expression.

Abstract: A system for displaying an image where all or part of an image is generated as an aggregation of very small regions uses, a random number assigned to each very small region so as to change the color or brightness of each very small region when uniform random numbers are generated, the range within which the uniform random numbers are generated is specified by the operator. When the random numbers are generated in accordance with a distributed function, the average value and dispersion value are similarly specified by the operator, so that the image can be more realistically displayed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing animation image wherein at least one characteristic value is given to at least one point to be observed in a space in which an animated object is contained, and the position of the animated object is modified in each frame of a plurality of successive frames on the basis of a value obtained through observation by the animated object of at least one of the characteristic values given to the point to be observed.

Abstract: A bending angle of each joint of a multiple-jointed object is represented with a function expressed independently of a length between joints of the object. Based on the function, contour data is produced for a motion of each joint, which is then displayed on a screen. With this provision, it is unnecessary to generate again functions each time the size of the object changes. Namely, the functions are independent of the size of the object. Since parameters of the functions can be altered to add characteristics to changes in the bending angles the respective joints, the object is actuated in an action having an emotional expression.

Abstract: Hair models of human or, animal hairs are displayed on a display screen using a three-dimensional computer graphics technique. Each human hair model is constructed of a plurality of rod-shaped hair elements. The magnitude and direction of an external force applied to each hair element are designated. A deformation quantity of each hair element is obtained such that the external force having the designated magnitude and direction equilibrates with an internal force generated by the rigidity of each hair element. The shape of each hair model is determined in accordance with obtained deformation quantities, for display of the shape of each hair model. The hair model can be displayed man-machine interactively.

Abstract: A biological image formation aiding system and a biological image forming method are provided in which three-dimensional data corresponding to a standard shape of a biological article, standard motion thereof, and a standard material feeling of an outer surface of the biological article are prepared, and a realistic three-dimensional synthesized image of an entire biological article with individuality can be formed simply.

Abstract: An electronic album to which a recording medium recorded with image information took by an electronic still camera is loaded. The electronic album reads the image information and is used to preserve the image information for a long time. The electronic album has a keyboard for use in adding index information to image information, a printer for printing out an edited/modified image information retrieved by the index information, and a display with a page turn-over function.

Abstract: A thermal head of the invention has heating resistors each formed between opposite electrodes of a plurality of pairs of opposite electrodes on an insulating substrate. Each of the heating resistors is formed of a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped resistive elements which are electrically connected in series and supplied with different applied energy per unit surface area at the time of flowing a unit current in the heating resistor. These resistive elements are so arranged as to be the more distant from the resistive element of which the applied energy per unit surface area at the time of flowing a unit current in the heating resistor is the maximum, the less the applied energy per unit surface area at the time of flowing a unit current in the heating resistor.