Abstract: A fuel vapor emission control system for connection to an engine having a fuel tank, so as to purge fuel vapor introduced thereto into the engine, comprises primary and secondary adsorbing layers for temporarily adsorbing fuel vapor introduced thereto. The primary and the secondary layers are connected in series. The air is introduced into, in turn, the primary and the secondary layers so that the air passing therethrough desorbs fuel vapor therefrom, and then into the engine, together with fuel vapor desorbed from the primary and the secondary layers, when the engine is running. During an engine fuelling operation, fuel vapor is introduced from the fuel tank to the primary layer. When the engine is running, fuel vapor is introduced, from the fuel tank, into the engine by bypassing the primary and the secondary layers.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polyamide composite material comprising (1) contacting a layered silicate having a cation exchange capacity of 50 to 200 milliequivalents/100 g with an organic cation of a lactam which is a swelling agent in a dispersing medium, thereby obtaining a composite having the organic cation of the lactam adsorbed onto the layered silicate, and mixing the composite with a polyamide monomer; or (2) mixing a layered silicate having a cation exchange capacity of 50 to 200 milliequivalents/100 g with a compound which becomes a swelling agent through the action of an acid, a polyamide monomer and acid with pKa value of 0 to 3 in a dispersing medium. The mixture containing the polyamide monomer is polymerized to prepare the polyamide composite material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyamide resin composition comprising: (A) at least one of the group consisting of a polyamide resin and a resin composition containing a polyamide resin; (B) a layered silicate uniformly dispersed in the above component (A); and at least one selected from the group consisting of (C) an impact resistance improving material and (D) a polyphenylene ether type resin. The resin composition of this invention has excellent moldability, and the molded product of the resin composition has excellent heat resistance, rigidity and impact resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyamide composite material comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a polyamide resin and (B) 0.05 to 30 parts by weight of a layered silicate uniformly dispersed in the component (A), wherein the reaction ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 60% or less. Disclosed is also a method for preparing a polyamide composite material comprising making a composite in which a layered silicate, with a cation exchange capacity of 50 to 200 milliequivalents/100 g, is in the swelling condition in a dispersion medium; and mixing the composite with a polyamide resin.

Abstract: An exhaust apparatus connected to a V-type internal combustion engine which is mounted in an engine compartment in a front part of a vehicle. The exhaust apparatus comprises a front exhaust manifold and a rear exhaust manifold connected to banks of the V-type engine respectively, an exhaust assembly connected to the exhaust manifolds and a catalytic converter interposed in the exhaust assembly. The wall thickness of the front exhaust manifold is made thinner than that of the rear exhaust manifold. By the thin front exhaust manifold, the heat capacity of the front exhaust path extending from the front exhaust manifold toward the catalytic converter is lessened, thereby suppressing the dropping of temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the front exhaust path. As a result, the dropping of temperature of the exhaust gas reaching the catalytic converter is suppressed as a whole, and a catalyst in the catalytic converter is warmed up quickly to a required temperature.

Abstract: An electrically conductive thermoplastic resin composition having a high electrical conductivity and a relatively low specific gravity is obtained by evenly dispersing 2% by volume or more of metallic fibers and 2% by volume or more carbon fibers in a thermoplastic resin matrix, the sum of the amounts of the metallic and carbon fibers being from 8% to 20% by volume.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shaped squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. The second raised portion has a front face which comprises a gently inclined front face portion and a steeply inclined front face portion. The gently inclined front face portion is arranged beneath the exhaust valve, and the steeply inclined front face portion is arranged beneath the intake valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shaped squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. A pair of spark plugs is arranged on the top face of the combustion chamber. One of the spark plugs is arranged in the vicinity of said first raised portion, and the other spark plug is arranged in the vicinity of said third raised portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. A secondary throttle valve is arranged in the intake passage located downstream of the throttle valve of a carburetor. A secondary intake passage is branched off from the intake passage located between the secondary throttle valve and the throttle valve of the carburetor and opens into the intake port at a position near the intake valve.

Abstract: A secondary air control system for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system provided with exhaust gas treating means adapted for secondary air injection and including a relief valve includes a mechanism which keeps the relief valve open after the valve is opened by a predetermined pump discharge pressure, until a predetermined lower pressure is reached.