Abstract: A cryostat housing an ultra-low temperature medium includes a container for storing the ultra-low temperature medium, a pipe for communication between the inner and outer sections of the container, at least one tubular member interposedly arranged inside the pipe between the pipe and an opening, a heat anchor section for cooling the pipe, and a plate-shaped member positioned so that a gas layer of the ultra-low temperature medium inside the tubular member divides the tubular member longitudinally.

Abstract: A helium cooling apparatus includes a liquid helium container which stores liquid helium and a condensation chamber incorporating a condensation heat exchanger for condensing a gas helium into liquid helium. A transfer tube allows the liquid helium container to communicate with the condensation chamber. The transfer tube has a gas flow path and a liquid helium flow path independently thereof. When the liquid helium in the liquid helium container is evaporated into gas helium, the gas helium is guided to the condensation chamber through the gas helium flow path. The gas helium is condensed by a condensation heat exchanger into liquid helium. The liquid helium is guided to the liquid helium container through the liquid helium flow path.