Abstract: An oscillation unit (101), a measurement unit (102), and a bit generation unit (103) are included. The measurement unit (102) chronologically measures oscillation (for example, thermal oscillation) of a set frequency generated in the oscillation unit (101) at each set time. The bit generation unit (103) generates a bit string by allocating one bit of 0 or 1 to each of sine and cosine components of the oscillation measured by the measurement unit (102).

Abstract: A solid-state quantum memory includes a vibrator supported in a displaceable (vibratable) manner on a substrate and a vibration exciter configured to excite the vibrator to vibrate. A rare-earth element is introduced into the vibrator and the introduced rare-earth element forms an electronic two-level system in the vibrator. The vibrator is supported on the substrate by a support. The substrate including a piezoelectric element formed from a piezoelectric material, as well as a first electrode and a second electrode formed by sandwiching the piezoelectric element, serves as the vibration exciter.