Abstract: A display apparatus is constituted by a display device including a plurality of pixels and control means for effecting a plurality of displaying operations at each pixel. Each of the displaying operation includes at least a first operation for displaying a first image at a first luminance and a second operation for displaying a second image substantially identical to the first image at a second luminance, said first and second luminances being non-zero and different from each other. One of the first and second luminances may preferably be smaller than ? of the other luminance.

Abstract: Unit pixels in a color display device each include a first and a second subpixel. The second is provided with a color filter, and each has a medium changing optical properties (hue and brightness of transmitted light) depending on an applied voltage. A voltage is applied to the first subpixel to modulate those optical properties of the medium, and a voltage is applied to the second subpixel to modulate the brightness of light passing through the medium disposed at the second subpixel. When display of the color display device is switched, a correction voltage of the second subpixel is calculated from a voltage applied to the first subpixel before the display is switched and a voltage applied to the first subpixel after the display is switched, and the voltage applied to the second subpixel is set to a value obtained by superposing the correction voltage on a voltage determined by the display at the second subpixel in a predetermined period after the voltage applied to the first subpixel is switched.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate; a plurality of pixels arranged above the substrate, each including a plurality of sub-pixels emitting light of different colors; a circularly polarizing member disposed above the pixels, the transmittance of light of a selected color through the circularly polarizing member being higher than that of light of the other colors therethrough; and a light-absorbing member disposed only above the sub-pixels, emitting light of the non-selected colors. The light-absorbing member absorbs light of the selected color.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus which can protect a light emitting device from external stress, etc. The light emitting apparatus includes a light emitting device, a housing, and a protective plate. A filler is disposed in a space between the light emitting device and the protective plate.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus capable of reducing external light reflection to reduce an amount of glare of the outside, in which a translucent protection member is provided to cover an observation surface side of a display member including an organic EL light-emitting portion, in order to protect the display member. The display apparatus includes the display member with an organic EL light-emitting portion having a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer provided between the pair of electrodes; and a casing for housing the display member, wherein a protection member is provided in the casing with a gap from the display member, and wherein a phase member and a polarizing member are formed on the protection member such that the polarizing member is located closer to a light extraction side than the phase member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of ensuring a good contrast ratio and preventing a lowering in color reproducibility at the time of motion picture image display includes a liquid crystal layer 56, showing optically uniaxial alignment, disposed between a first substrate B provided with at least a transparent electrode 54 and a second substrate A provided with an electrode 58 having a reflection function; a phase plate 52 disposed on the first substrate B; and a polarizer 51 disposed on the phase plate 52. The polarizer 51 and the phase plate 52 are disposed so that an optical axis of the polarizer 51 and a slow axis of the phase plate 52 form an angle ?, and the polarizer 51 and the liquid crystal layer 56 are disposed so that the optical axis of the polarizer 51 and an optical axis of the liquid crystal layer 56 form an angle of 2?+45 degrees. A retardation of liquid crystal is changed in a range between ?/4 and ?/2 to prevent light passing during black display.

Abstract: A color display element using a medium having optical properties modulated by an external modulation means is characterized in that the medium has a brightness modulation range where a brightness is changed by the modulation means and a color modulation range where a color is changed by the modulation means, the color display element has a unit pixel comprised of a plurality of sub-pixels including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel having a color filter, and the modulation means gives modulation of the color modulation range to the first sub-pixel to display colors within the color modulation range, and gives modulation of the brightness modulation range to the second sub-pixel to display brightness of the color of the color filter within the brightness modulation range, whereby provides a color display.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display portion and a control portion, and effects color display depending on image signals for three colors. The control portion includes means 10, into which the image signals for three colors are inputted, for generating a first display signal for determining a brightness of predetermined one color at the display portion and second display signals for determining a hue of other two colors or an intermediary color therebetween at the display portion.

Abstract: Unit pixels in a color display device each include a first and a second subpixel. The second is provided with a color filter, and each has a medium changing optical properties (hue and brightness of transmitted light) depending on an applied voltage. A voltage is applied to the first subpixel to modulate those optical properties of the medium and a voltage is applied to the second subpixel to modulate the brightness of light passing through the medium disposed at the second subpixel. When display of the color display device is switched, a correction voltage of the second subpixel is calculated from a voltage applied to the first subpixel before the display is switched and a voltage applied to the first subpixel after the display is switched, and the voltage applied to the second subpixel is set to a value obtained by superposing the correction voltage on a voltage determined by the display at the second subpixel in a predetermined period after the voltage applied to the first subpixel is switched.

Abstract: A display apparatus is constituted by a display device including a plurality of pixels and control means for effecting a plurality of displaying operations at each pixel. Each of the displaying operation includes at least a first operation for displaying a first image at a first luminance and a second operation for displaying a second image substantially identical to the first image at a second luminance, said first and second luminances being non-zero and different from each other. One of the first and second luminances may preferably be smaller than ⅕ of the other luminance.

Abstract: A display apparatus is constituted by a display device including a plurality of pixels and control means for effecting a plurality of displaying operations at each pixel. Each of the displaying operation includes at least a first operation for displaying a first image at a first luminance and a second operation for displaying a second image substantially identical to the first image at a second luminance, said first and second luminances being non-zero and different from each other. One of the first and second luminances may preferably be smaller than ⅕ of the other luminance.

Abstract: A chiral smectic liquid crystal device includes chiral smectic liquid crystal exhibiting a phase transition series on temperature decrease of (a) Iso, Ch and SmC* or (b) Iso and SmC*, a pair of oppositely disposed substrates which sandwich the liquid crystal to form a plurality of pixels, each substrate provided with an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and a uniaxial alignment axis for aligning the liquid crystal, and means for providing a difference in potential between the substrates of at least 100 mV when no external electric field is applied in a temperature range of Tc±2° C. where Tc denotes a phase transition temperature from Ch to SmC* or from Iso to SmC. At least one substrate is provided with a polarizer, and each pixel is provided with an active element connected to an associated electrode on at least one substrate.

Abstract: A display apparatus is constituted by a display device including a plurality of pixels and control means for effecting a plurality of displaying operations at each pixel. Each of the displaying operation includes at least a first operation for displaying a first image at a first luminance and a second operation for displaying a second image substantially identical to the first image at a second luminance, said first and second luminances being non-zero and different from each other. One of the first and second luminances may preferably be smaller than ⅕ of the other luminance.

Abstract: An active matrix-type liquid crystal device including: a pair of substrates, a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to form a matrix of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, a plurality of active elements each provided to a pixel for supplying a voltage applied to the liquid crystal at the pixel, and an electrode matrix including a first electrode supplied with a first voltage and a second electrode which is supplied with a second voltage within a withstand voltage of the active elements connected to the second electrode, the first and second electrodes constituting drive signal supply electrodes for applying drive signal voltages to the respective active elements which will be sequentially turned on for a drive on-time for transmitting the drive signal voltages supplied thereto to associated pixels in a display period is produced by a process characterized by the step of: in a conditioning period preceding the display period, sequentially turning on

Abstract: An active matrix-type liquid crystal device including: a pair of substrates, a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to form a matrix of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, a plurality of active elements each provided to a pixel for supplying a voltage applied to the liquid crystal at the pixel, and an electrode matrix including drive signal supply electrodes for applying drive signal voltages to the respective active elements which will be sequentially turned on for a drive on-time for transmitting the drive signal voltages supplied thereto to associated pixels in a display period is produced by a process characterized by the step of: in a conditioning period preceding the display period, sequentially turning on the active elements for a conditioning on-time longer than the drive on-time for transmitting a conditioning voltage supplied thereto to associated pixels so as to stabilize a voltage-transmittance characteristic of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: An active matrix-type liquid crystal device including: a pair of substrates, a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to form a matrix of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, a plurality of active elements each provided to a pixel for supplying a voltage applied to the liquid crystal at the pixel, and an electrode matrix including drive signal supply electrodes for applying drive signal voltages to the respective active elements which will be turned on by periodically applying the data signal voltages to associated pixels in a succession of display frame periods is produced by a the process characterized by the step of: periodically turning on the active elements by periodically applying conditioning voltages to associated pixels in a succession of conditioning periods, preceding the display frame periods, in which the periodically applied conditioning voltages have an identical polarity over at least two consecutive conditioning periods, thereby to s

Abstract: An active matrix-type liquid crystal device including: a pair of substrates, a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to form a matrix of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, a plurality of active elements each provided to a pixel for supplying a voltage applied to the liquid crystal at the pixel, and an electrode matrix including drive signal supply electrodes for applying drive signal voltages to the respective active elements which will be sequentially turned on for a drive on-time for transmitting the drive signal voltages supplied thereto to associated pixels in a display period is produced by a process characterized by the step of: in a conditioning period preceding the display period, sequentially turning on the active elements for a conditioning on-time for transmitting a conditioning voltage supplied thereto to associated pixels, the conditioning voltage being set to be longer than a maximum of the drive signal voltages so as to stabilize a v

Abstract: A chiral smectic liquid crystal device is constituted by a chiral smectic liquid crystal; a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and an alignment control layer formed by oblique vapor deposition, the pair of substrates being oppositely disposed to sandwich the liquid crystal so as to form a plurality of pixels each provided with an active element connected to an associated electrode on at least one of the substrates; and a polarizer provided to at least one of the substrates. The liquid crystal has a phase transition series on temperature decrease of isotropic liquid phase (Iso), cholesteric phase (Ch) and chiral smectic C phase (Smc*) or of Iso and SmC*.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of substrates at least one of which is provided with a uniaxial alignment axis, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the substrates to form a plurality of pixels arranged in rows and columns. Each pixel is provided with a switching element and an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal via the switching element. A matrix of signal lines comprising scanning signal lines and data signal lines is so arranged that each scanning signal line is disposed along a row of the pixels so as to connect a row of the switching elements provided to the row of the pixels and each data signal line is disposed along a column of the pixels so as to connect a column of the switching elements provided to the column of the pixels. The liquid crystal exhibits a phase transition series on temperature decrease of isotropic phase, cholesteric phase and chiral smectic C phase or of isotropic phase and chiral smectic C phase.

Abstract: A chiral smectic liquid crystal device includes a chiral smectic liquid crystal exhibiting a phase transition series on temperature decrease of isotropic liquid phase (Iso), cholesteric phase (Ch) and chiral smectic C phase (SmC*) or of isotropic phase (Iso) and chiral smectic C phase (SmC*), and a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and a uniaxial alignment axis for aligning the liquid crystal. At least one of the substrates is provided with a polarizer and the pair of substrates are oppositely disposed to sandwich the liquid crystal so as to form a plurality of pixels each provided with an active element connected to an associated electrode on at least one of the substrates.