Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device includes forming partition walls partitioning pixels on a substrate; subjecting a surface of each of the partition walls to a lyophobic treatment; coating a liquid composition on each of regions surrounded by the partition walls, the liquid composition obtained by dissolving and dispersing a forming material of a functional layer forming at least a portion of an organic electroluminescent element in a solvent; and drying the coated liquid composition so as to form the functional layer. In the coating of a liquid composition, a fluorine group-containing solvent which contains a fluorine group is used as a solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic electroluminescent device and a method of manufacturing the same which conveniently reduce or suppress the transfer of ionic impurities into a light-emitting layer, and reduce or prevent the light-emitting property in the light-emitting layer from degrading, which promotes life extension. An organic electroluminescent device includes a functional layer having at least a light-emitting layer between a first electrode and a second electrode. At least a part of the functional layer is formed of the inorganic ion exchange material added to the functional material to form the functional layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device having a functional layer formed by at least a light emitting layer positioned between a pair of electrodes, the method includes the steps of storing a liquid material in a container, the liquid material obtained by dissolving a material for forming the functional layer in a solvent or by dispersing the material for forming the functional layer in a dispersion medium, removing clusters contained in the liquid material, supplying the liquid material to a droplet discharge head, discharging the liquid material from the droplet discharge head, and forming the functional layer by discharging the liquid material onto a substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic electroluminescent device and a method of manufacturing the same which conveniently reduce or suppress the transfer of ionic impurities into a light-emitting layer, and reduce or prevent the light-emitting property in the light-emitting layer from degrading, which promotes life extension. An organic electroluminescent device includes a functional layer having at least a light-emitting layer between a first electrode and a second electrode. At least a part of the functional layer is formed of the inorganic ion exchange material added to the functional material to form the functional layer.

Abstract: A wavelength converter and a wavelength division-multiplexing optical communication apparatus automatically generate clock signals of a specified frequency that match send/receive digital signals and regenerates timing for the send/receive digital signals. The wavelength converter includes: optical/electrical signal converters (2A, 2B) that convert input optical signals into electric digital signals; clock generator circuits (4A, 4B) that automatically identify the transmission mode for digital signals and generate phase-synchronized clocks of a specified frequency that match the signal transmission mode; timing regeneration circuits (6A, 6B) that regenerate clock timing for the digital signals based upon the phase-synchronized clocks from the clock generator circuits; and electric/optical converters (3A, 3B) that convert the digital signals from the timing regeneration circuits into optical signals of a specified wavelength.

Abstract: In an organic EL device, when a voltage is applied across an anode and a cathode, holes are moved in a hole transport layer and electrons are moved in an electron transport layer, and the holes and the electrons are recombined in a light emitting layer. In the light emitting layer, excitons are produced by energy released upon the recombination, and the excitons release energy in the form of fluorescence or phosphorescence or emit light when returning to the ground state. The hole transport material is used in the hole transport layer, in which the amount of cationic impurities and/or the amount of anionic impurities are controlled to be small, so that the decrease of light-emission luminance of the organic EL device is suppressed and excellent light emitting properties are maintained for a long period of time.

Abstract: To provide an organic EL device and a method of manufacturing the same, having light-emitting characteristics enhanced by capturing selectively mobile metal ions, the organic EL device includes between a first electrode and a second electrode, a functional layer having at least a light-emitting layer. A metal ion trapping layer is placed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The metal ion trapping layer is formed of a metal ion trapping material with a ring part including a plurality of Lewis basic elements bonded to at least two carbon atoms.

Abstract: In an organic EL device 1, when a voltage is applied across an anode 3 and a cathode 5, holes are moved in a hole transport layer 41 and electrons are moved in an electron transport layer 43, and the holes and the electrons are recombined in a light emitting layer 42 to emit light. A light emitting material is used to form the light emitting layer 42. When the light emitting layer 42 is formed using the light emitting material, the light emitting layer contains one or more kinds of metallic impurities, but an amount of a metallic impurity of which content is the largest among the metallic impurities contained in the layer is 2.5 ppm or less, or when the light emitting material is dissolved in a liquid so that the concentration thereof becomes 2.0 wt %, the liquid contains one or more kinds of metallic impurities, but an amount of the metallic impurity of which content is the largest among the metallic impurities contained in the liquid is 50 ppb or less.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic electroluminescent device and a method of manufacturing the same which conveniently reduce or suppress the transfer of ionic impurities into a light-emitting layer, and reduce or prevent the light-emitting property in the light-emitting layer from degrading, which promotes life extension. An organic electroluminescent device includes a functional layer having at least a light-emitting layer between a first electrode and a second electrode. At least a part of the functional layer is formed of the inorganic ion exchange material added to the functional material to form the functional layer.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an organic EL device, when a light-emitting layer is formed, an ink composition for the organic EL device, including an organic light-emitting material and at least one type of a high boiling point solvent having a boiling point of 200° C. or more, is ejected onto a substrate having an electrode, or upon a hole injection/transport layer formed on the substrate having the electrode. Then, the ink composition is heat-treated while the residue of the high boiling point solvent remains. Hence, the method can provide an organic EL device that has a long lifetime and superior emissive properties, such as stability of emission luminance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device having a functional layer formed by at least a light emitting layer positioned between a pair of electrodes, the method includes the steps of storing a liquid material in a container, the liquid material obtained by dissolving a material for forming the functional layer in a solvent or by dispersing the material for forming the functional layer in a dispersion medium, removing clusters contained in the liquid material, supplying the liquid material to a droplet discharge head, discharging the liquid material from the droplet discharge head, and forming the functional layer by discharging the liquid material onto a substrate.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an organic EL device, when a light-emitting layer is formed, an ink composition for the organic EL device, including an organic light-emitting material and at least one type of a high boiling point solvent having a boiling point of 200° C. or more, is ejected onto a substrate having an electrode, or upon a hole injection/transport layer formed on the substrate having the electrode. Then, the ink composition is heat-treated while the residue of the high boiling point solvent remains. Hence, the method can provide an organic EL device that has a long lifetime and superior emissive properties, such as stability of emission luminance.

Abstract: A wavelength converter and a wavelength division-multiplexing optical communication apparatus automatically generate clock signals of a specified frequency that match send/receive digital signals and regenerates timing for the send/receive digital signals. The wavelength converter includes: optical/electrical signal converters (2A, 2B) that convert input optical signals into electric digital signals; clock generator circuits (4A, 4B) that automatically identify the transmission mode for digital signals and generate phase-synchronized clocks of a specified frequency that match the signal transmission mode; timing regeneration circuits (6A, 6B) that regenerate clock timing for said digital signals based upon the phase-synchronized clocks from the clock generator circuits; and electric/optical converters (3A, 3B) that convert the digital signals from said timing regeneration circuits into optical signals of a specified wavelength.

Abstract: An optical transmission network allows transmission monitoring zones to be set up or changed in a flexible manner, and allows simultaneous monitoring of communication quality for each of these monitoring zones. Also, provided is an optical transmission zone service provider that varies user fees according to communication quality in the used zones.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing noise reduction produced by a super sonic jet, comprises a cavity tone generator provided near an exit of a supersonic jet nozzle. The cavity tone generator is a cavity formed in an inner wall of the nozzle exit, and the cavity having a lateral cross-sectional shape similar to a lateral cross-sectional shape of the inner wall of the nozzle exit. More preferably, the cavity and the nozzle exit are formed to have a rectangular lateral cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating a ticket from a ticket sheet containing a plurality of tickets, each of the tickets being separated from an adjacent ticket by a line of perforations. The apparatus includes a cutting part having a feed passage, first and second spaced feed rollers positioned within the cutting part for conducting the ticket sheet along the feed passage, and a cutting roller positioned within the cutting part between the first and second feed rollers for cutting a ticket sheet at the line of perforations. The cutting roller includes an axle and a surface having first and second ends surrounding a length of the axle. The surface of the cutting roller includes a central portion having a first diameter forming a first cutting edge on a circumference thereof, and further includes first and second outer portions.

Abstract: A medium handling apparatus for conveying a continuous elongated ticket sheet formed of a plurality of tickets extending along a length of the ticket sheet. Each of the tickets has a given width extending transverse to the length of the ticket sheet and is connected to a contiguous ticket by a line of perforations. The apparatus includes a hopper accommodating the ticket sheet folded along the lines of perforations separating the tickets, feed rollers for conveying the ticket sheet, a feed guide interposed between the hopper and the feed rollers, and a load member attached to the feed guide facing a surface of the ticket sheet. The load member introduces a frictional resistance between the ticket sheet and the load member as the ticket sheet is conveyed to the feed rollers.

Abstract: A ticket issuing apparatus includes a feed passage which is branched into plural guides at one end thereof which are connected with each of a plurality of medium accommodating parts and arranged in strata, and merged into one. The apparatus has a feed passage which passes through the upper, rear and lower parts of the medium accommodating parts in this order and is guided to a front wall thereof. A medium separating part, a magnetic processing part and a printing part are respectively disposed along the feed passage, and a discharge stacker is connected with the other end of the feed passage. The medium handling apparatus removes curl of the medium before it is issued by returning the medium to the medium accommodating parts by a given amount.

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes a plurality of first antenna elements and a plurality of phase shifters respectively connected to the first antenna elements. An amplitude and a phase of each of the antenna elements are determined by a method of opposing a pick-up antenna at a distance from the phased array antenna to measure a composite power of the phased array antenna while changing phases of the phase shifters for determining the ratio of the maximum power to the minimum power, and the phase value for the maximum power, from which the amplitude and phase are computed.