Abstract: A drive train control method includes transmitting a total time period of a stroke phase and a torque phase of an upshift from a transmission control unit of an automatic transmission to an engine control unit of an engine. The method also includes closing a first shift element of the automatic transmission and opening a second shift element of the automatic transmission during the upshift. A control pressure of the first shift element increases during the torque phase relative to the control pressure of the first shift element at an end of the stroke phase. A control pressure of the second shift element decreases during the torque phase relative to the control pressure of the second shift element at the end of the stroke phase. The method further includes, based at least in part on the total time period of the stroke and torque phases, increasing an actual torque of the engine during the upshift such that the actual torque of the engine increases to a higher gear torque prior to an end of the torque phase.

Abstract: A drive train control method includes transmitting a total time period of a stroke phase and a torque phase of an upshift from a transmission control unit of an automatic transmission to an engine control unit of an engine. The method also includes closing a first shift element of the automatic transmission and opening a second shift element of the automatic transmission during the upshift. A control pressure of the first shift element increases during the torque phase relative to the control pressure of the first shift element at an end of the stroke phase. A control pressure of the second shift element decreases during the torque phase relative to the control pressure of the second shift element at the end of the stroke phase. The method further includes, based at least in part on the total time period of the stroke and torque phases, increasing an actual torque of the engine during the upshift such that the actual torque of the engine increases to a higher gear torque prior to an end of the torque phase.

Abstract: A snow quality measuring apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of reflectors, at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, and a measuring device. The plurality of reflectors are respectively arranged at a plurality of prescribed heights above the ground. The transmitter emits radio waves towards the plurality of reflectors, and the receiver receives the reflected waves of the radio waves from the plurality of reflectors. The measuring device measures snow quality of snow on the ground at the prescribed plurality of heights based on the respective reflected waves to from the plurality of reflectors as received by the receiver.

Abstract: To provide a smaller-sized high frequency filter. In a high frequency filter according to an embodiment of the invention, two filter circuits each equipped with a first externally coupling capacitor having one end coupled to an input-output terminal, a wavelength shortening capacitor having one end coupled to other end of the externally coupling capacitor and having other end coupled to the ground potential, and a resonator having one end coupled to the other end of the externally coupling capacitor and the one end of the wavelength shortening capacitor, having other end coupled to the ground potential, and being formed of a distributed constant line. The two filter circuits are broadside-coupled to each other.

Abstract: A snow quality measuring apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of reflectors, at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, and a measuring device. The plurality of reflectors are respectively arranged at a plurality of prescribed heights above the ground. The transmitter emits radio waves towards the plurality of reflectors, and the receiver receives the reflected waves of the radio waves from the plurality of reflectors. The measuring device measures snow quality of snow on the ground at the prescribed plurality of heights based on the respective reflected waves to from the plurality of reflectors as received by the receiver.

Abstract: A module includes: a first duplexer including a common terminal coupled to a first terminal of a diplexer, the diplexer including an antenna terminal coupled to an antenna, the first terminal, and a second terminal; and a second duplexer including a common terminal coupled to the second terminal of the diplexer and having a passband different from a passband of the first duplexer, wherein a frequency at which a reactance component of an impedance is approximately zero and the impedance is less than a reference impedance is not located in a passband of the first duplexer, the impedance being an impedance when the second duplexer is viewed from a node at which the antenna terminal is divided into the first terminal and the second terminal in the diplexer.

Abstract: To provide a smaller-sized high frequency filter. In a high frequency filter according to an embodiment of the invention, two filter circuits each equipped with a first externally coupling capacitor having one end coupled to an input-output terminal, a wavelength shortening capacitor having one end coupled to other end of the externally coupling capacitor and having other end coupled to the ground potential, and a resonator having one end coupled to the other end of the externally coupling capacitor and the one end of the wavelength shortening capacitor, having other end coupled to the ground potential, and being formed of a distributed constant line. The two filter circuits are broadside-coupled to each other.

Abstract: A module includes: a diplexer that includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a common terminal coupled to an antenna; a first switch that is coupled to the first terminal, includes first ports, and selects, from the first ports, and connects one port to the diplexer; a first duplexer that is coupled to at least one of the first ports; a second duplexer that is coupled to the second terminal and has a passband different from a passband of the first duplexer; and a first impedance portion that is coupled to another port of the first ports.

Abstract: A high-frequency circuit includes: first duplexers, each including a first transmit filter having a first transmit band, a first receive filter having a first receive band, and a first common terminal to which first ends of the first transmit filter and the first receive filter are commonly connected; a first switch that selects and connects one of the first common terminals to a first antenna; an LPF or BPF that is connected between the first antenna and the first switch, and passes a signal in the first transmit band and the first receive band; and a second duplexer including: a second transmit filter having a second transmit band, a second receive filter having a second receive band, and a second common terminal that is connected to a second antenna and to which first ends of the second transmit filter and the second receive filter are commonly connected.

Abstract: A module includes: a first duplexer including a common terminal coupled to a first terminal of a diplexer, the diplexer including an antenna terminal coupled to an antenna, the first terminal, and a second terminal; and a second duplexer including a common terminal coupled to the second terminal of the diplexer and having a passband different from a passband of the first duplexer, wherein a frequency at which a reactance component of an impedance is approximately zero and the impedance is less than a reference impedance is not located in a passband of the first duplexer, the impedance being an impedance when the second duplexer is viewed from a node at which the antenna terminal is divided into the first terminal and the second terminal in the diplexer.

Abstract: A module includes: a diplexer that includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a common terminal coupled to an antenna; a first switch that is coupled to the first terminal, includes first ports, and selects, from the first ports, and connects one port to the diplexer; a first duplexer that is coupled to at least one of the first ports; a second duplexer that is coupled to the second terminal and has a passband different from a passband of the first duplexer; and a first impedance portion that is coupled to another port of the first ports.

Abstract: A high-frequency circuit includes: first duplexers, each including a first transmit filter having a first transmit band, a first receive filter having a first receive band, and a first common terminal to which first ends of the first transmit filter and the first receive filter are commonly connected; a first switch that selects and connects one of the first common terminals to a first antenna; an LPF or BPF that is connected between the first antenna and the first switch, and passes a signal in the first transmit band and the first receive band; and a second duplexer including: a second transmit filter having a second transmit band, a second receive filter having a second receive band, and a second common terminal that is connected to a second antenna and to which first ends of the second transmit filter and the second receive filter are commonly connected.

Abstract: A driving force margin of a vehicle is calculated on the basis of an engine load, vehicle speed, travel resistance and estimated uphill gradient. A gear is determined on the basis of predetermined gear shifting characteristics at least from the vehicle speed and the engine load in an automatic shift mode. Automatic down shift is generated in the case where the vehicle speed becomes lower than vehicle speed on an automatic down shift vehicle speed table set up in accordance with the gear when the operation is switched from the automatic shift mode to a manual shift mode. The automatic down shift vehicle speed table is corrected so as to shift an automatic down shift line to a high vehicle speed side or low vehicle speed side in accordance with the magnitude of the calculated driving force margin of the vehicle.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an automatic transmission includes an operational condition detecting unit for detecting a vehicle operational condition, a slope detecting unit for detecting a road surface slope, and a shift characteristic selecting unit for selecting one of a plurality of shift maps preliminarily set according to the road surface slope. The control apparatus further includes an acceleration/deceleration calculating unit for calculating an acceleration or deceleration from the degree of increase or decrease in vehicle speed per unit time, a deceleration shift characteristic for deciding a gear position according to the deceleration and the vehicle speed, and a brake detecting unit for detecting a brake operation. When the road surface slope is determined to be a downhill slope and the brake operation is detected, the selected shift map is changed to the deceleration shift characteristic and the gear position is decided according to the deceleration shift characteristic.

Abstract: A driving force margin of a vehicle is calculated on the basis of an engine load, vehicle speed, travel resistance and estimated uphill gradient. A gear is determined on the basis of predetermined gear shifting characteristics at least from the vehicle speed and the engine load in an automatic shift mode. Automatic down shift is generated in the case where the vehicle speed becomes lower than vehicle speed on an automatic down shift vehicle speed table set up in accordance with the gear when the operation is switched from the automatic shift mode to a manual shift mode. The automatic down shift vehicle speed table is corrected so as to shift an automatic down shift line to a high vehicle speed side or low vehicle speed side in accordance with the magnitude of the calculated driving force margin of the vehicle.

Abstract: A high frequency module reduces the inhibition in magnetic flux generated in an inductor and stray capacitance while simultaneously attaining shorter height and smaller size. The high frequency module includes a passive circuit having an inductor and a capacitor. One component part of the passive circuit is mounted as an electronic part on the substrate, while the other component part f the passive circuit is formed within the substrate. A ground electrode is further provided between the one component part of the passive circuit and the other component part.

Abstract: An integrated-circuit element and passive components are mounted on a front face of a multilayer substrate. A capacitor constituting a crystal-oscillator circuit is disposed inside the multilayer substrate. A cavity is provided in a rear face of the multilayer substrate. A crystal oscillator constituting the crystal-oscillator circuit is accommodated in the cavity, and the cavity is sealed with a sealing cap made of a conductive material. The sealing cap is fixed to an electrode pad provided on a motherboard with solder therebetween.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an automatic transmission for a vehicle including an operational condition detecting unit for detecting a vehicle operational condition including at least a vehicle speed and an engine load, a slope detecting unit for detecting a road surface slope, and a shift characteristic selecting unit for selecting one of a plurality of shift maps preliminarily set according to the road surface slope. The control apparatus further includes an acceleration/deceleration calculating unit for calculating an acceleration or deceleration from the degree of increase or decrease in vehicle speed per unit time, a deceleration shift characteristic for deciding a gear position according to the deceleration and the vehicle speed, and a brake detecting unit for detecting a brake operation.

Abstract: An integrated-circuit element and passive components are mounted on a front face of a multilayer substrate. A capacitor constituting a crystal-oscillator circuit is disposed inside the multilayer substrate. A cavity is provided in a rear face of the multilayer substrate. A crystal oscillator constituting the crystal-oscillator circuit is accommodated in the cavity, and the cavity is sealed with a sealing cap made of a conductive material. The sealing cap is fixed to an electrode pad provided on a motherboard with solder therebetween.

Abstract: A distributed refractive index type optical transmission plastic article has a circular cross section of a radius r.sub.0 which is in a range of 0.4 to 0.6 mm. A refractive index distribution of the optical transmission article substantially approximates a predetermined ideal refractive index distribution curve at least in a range of 0.25r.sub.0 to 0.70r.sub.0 extending from a center axis toward a peripheral surface of the article. A refractive index n.sub.0 at a central part of the article is in a range of 1.4 to 1.6. The article has a refractive index distribution constant of larger than 0.15 mm.sup.-1 and smaller than 0.3 mm.sup.-1, and a modulation transfer function of at least 55%. This optical transmission article is made from uncured liquid substances each having a viscosity of between 10.sup.3 and 10.sup.8 poises. N (N.gtoreq.2) uncured liquid substances having refractive indexes n of n.sub.1 >n.sub.2 >n.sub.3 . . . n.sub.