Abstract: As a device for correcting positive spherical aberration of an electromagnetic lens for a charged particle beam, a spherical aberration correction device combining a hole electrode and a ring electrode is known. In this spherical aberration correction device, when a voltage is applied between the hole electrode and the ring electrode, the focus of the charged particle beam device changes due to the convex lens effect generated in the hole electrode. Therefore, in a charged particle beam device including a charged particle beam source which generates a charged particle beam, a charged particle beam aperture having a ring shape, and a charged particle beam aperture power supply which applies a voltage to the charged particle beam aperture, the charged particle beam aperture power supply is configured to apply, to the charged particle beam aperture, a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of charges of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: As a device for correcting positive spherical aberration of an electromagnetic lens for a charged particle beam, a spherical aberration correction device combining a hole electrode and a ring electrode is known. In this spherical aberration correction device, when a voltage is applied between the hole electrode and the ring electrode, the focus of the charged particle beam device changes due to the convex lens effect generated in the hole electrode. Therefore, in a charged particle beam device including a charged particle beam source which generates a charged particle beam, a charged particle beam aperture having a ring shape, and a charged particle beam aperture power supply which applies a voltage to the charged particle beam aperture, the charged particle beam aperture power supply is configured to apply, to the charged particle beam aperture, a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of charges of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: As a device for correcting positive spherical aberration of an electromagnetic lens for a charged particle beam, a spherical aberration correction device combining a hole electrode and a ring electrode is known. In this spherical aberration correction device, when a voltage is applied between the hole electrode and the ring electrode, the focus of the charged particle beam device changes due to the convex lens effect generated in the hole electrode. Therefore, in a charged particle beam device including a charged particle beam source which generates a charged particle beam, a charged particle beam aperture having a ring shape, and a charged particle beam aperture power supply which applies a voltage to the charged particle beam aperture, the charged particle beam aperture power supply is configured to apply, to the charged particle beam aperture, a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of charges of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: A package of a heat-bent polarizing sheet for producing an injection-molded polarizing lens, in which a laminated polarizing sheet prepared by bonding a transparent plastic sheet onto each of two sides of a polarizing film formed of a uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol resin film with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween is used as an individual laminated polarizing sheet that has an original plate shape for individual lenses, the individual laminated polarizing sheet is heat-bent to form a spherical aspherical surface under heating to prepare a heat-bent polarizing sheet, the heat-bent polarizing sheet is set onto a mold, and a transparent resin for lenses is injection-molded onto a concave surface of the heat-bent polarizing sheet. The heat-bent polarizing sheet is a heat-bent polarizing sheet that is stored or transported in a dampproof package and can be used in injection molding without performing preliminary drying as a pretreatment of injection molding.

Abstract: When using a charged particle beam aperture having a ring shape in a charged particle beam device, the charged particle beam with the highest current density immediately above the optical axis, among the charged particle beams is blocked, so that it is difficult to dispose the charged particle beam aperture at the optimal mounting position. Therefore, in addition to the ring-shaped charged particle beam aperture, a hole-shaped charged particle beam aperture is provided, and it is possible to switch between the case where the ring-shaped charged particle beam aperture is disposed on the optical axis of the charged particle beam and the case where the hole-shaped charged particle beam aperture is disposed on the optical axis of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: As a device for correcting positive spherical aberration of an electromagnetic lens for a charged particle beam, a spherical aberration correction device combining a hole electrode and a ring electrode is known. In this spherical aberration correction device, when a voltage is applied between the hole electrode and the ring electrode, the focus of the charged particle beam device changes due to the convex lens effect generated in the hole electrode. Therefore, in a charged particle beam device including a charged particle beam source which generates a charged particle beam, a charged particle beam aperture having a ring shape, and a charged particle beam aperture power supply which applies a voltage to the charged particle beam aperture, the charged particle beam aperture power supply is configured to apply, to the charged particle beam aperture, a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of charges of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: When using a charged particle beam aperture having a ring shape in a charged particle beam device, the charged particle beam with the highest current density immediately above the optical axis, among the charged particle beams is blocked, so that it is difficult to dispose the charged particle beam aperture at the optimal mounting position. Therefore, in addition to the ring-shaped charged particle beam aperture, a hole-shaped charged particle beam aperture is provided, and it is possible to switch between the case where the ring-shaped charged particle beam aperture is disposed on the optical axis of the charged particle beam and the case where the hole-shaped charged particle beam aperture is disposed on the optical axis of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: A liquid circulating apparatus includes a circulation route configured to circulate liquid through a liquid ejecting head, the circulation route including: a supply-side tank leading to a supply port of the liquid ejecting head; and a discharge-side tank leading to a discharge port of the liquid ejecting head, wherein the liquid is circulated by setting pressure in the supply-side tank higher than pressure in the discharge-side tank, and a sum of the pressure in the supply-side tank and the pressure in the discharge-side tank is set smaller when initial filling for filling the circulation route with the liquid is performed than when the liquid is circulated.

Abstract: Provided is a stroke sensor that is easy to assemble and has a high detection precision. This stroke sensor is provided with: a housing; a shaft a portion of which is housed in the housing and moves reciprocally around an origin position following a detected object; and a magnetic detection element that detects a magnetic force that is from a magnet and that varies according to the amount of movement of the shaft, wherein the housing comprises a plurality of cases made of a metal material, and is provided with contact parts that guide the positional relationship between the cases before and after the cases are connected by screwing.

Abstract: A liquid circulation device includes a first liquid discharge head to discharge a liquid, a first supply channel to supply the liquid to the first liquid discharge head, a first collection channel to collect the liquid from the first liquid discharge head, a second liquid discharge head to discharge the liquid and disposed higher than the first liquid discharge head, a second supply channel to supply the liquid to the second liquid discharge head, a second collection channel to collect the liquid from the second liquid discharge head, a supply-side fluid restrictor disposed in the first supply channel to make a fluid resistance value of the first supply channel greater than a fluid resistance value of the second supply channel, and a collection-side fluid restrictor disposed in the second collection channel to make a fluid resistance value of the second collection channel greater than a fluid resistance value of the first collection channel.

Abstract: A protective film-attached functional sheet includes a protective film bonded to a functional sheet including aromatic polycarbonate sheets and a functional layer sandwiched between the aromatic polycarbonate sheets, the functional layer being a polyvinyl alcohol polarizing film layer, a photochromic layer, or a combination. The protective film is a polyolefin resin film that includes at least two layers: a base layer formed of a polypropylene having a melting point equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate and an adhesive layer on one surface of the base layer and being a resin composition containing a polyolefin rubber and a polyolefin having a melting point lower than the glass transition temperature but equal to or higher than 15° C. lower than the glass transition temperature; or at least three layers: the aforementioned two layers and an intermediate layer between the base layer and the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A liquid circulation device includes a first liquid discharge head to discharge a liquid, a first supply channel to supply the liquid to the first liquid discharge head, a first collection channel to collect the liquid from the first liquid discharge head, a second liquid discharge head to discharge the liquid and disposed higher than the first liquid discharge head, a second supply channel to supply the liquid to the second liquid discharge head, a second collection channel to collect the liquid from the second liquid discharge head, a supply-side fluid restrictor disposed in the first supply channel to make a fluid resistance value of the first supply channel greater than a fluid resistance value of the second supply channel, and a collection-side fluid restrictor disposed in the second collection channel to make a fluid resistance value of the second collection channel greater than a fluid resistance value of the first collection channel.

Abstract: Provided is a stroke sensor that is easy to assemble and has a high detection precision. This stroke sensor is provided with: a housing; a shaft a portion of which is housed in the housing and moves reciprocally around an origin position following a detected object; and a magnetic detection element that detects a magnetic force that is from a magnet and that varies according to the amount of movement of the shaft, wherein the housing comprises a plurality of cases made of a metal material, and is provided with contact parts that guide the positional relationship between the cases before and after the cases are connected by screwing.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a plurality of nozzles from which liquid is discharged, a plurality of individual-liquid-chambers communicating with the plurality of nozzles, respectively, a plurality of individual-drainage-channels communicating with the plurality of individual-liquid-chambers, respectively, a drainage-side common-liquid-chamber communicating with each of the plurality of individual-drainage-channels, a filter having filter holes and disposed between the plurality of individual-drainage-channels and the drainage-side common-liquid-chamber, and an intermediate-drainage-channel disposed between the filter and the plurality of individual-drainage-channels. The intermediate-drainage-channel faces the filter and communicates with two or more of the plurality of individual-drainage-channels.

Abstract: A liquid circulating apparatus includes a circulation route configured to circulate liquid through a liquid ejecting head, the circulation route including: a supply-side tank leading to a supply port of the liquid ejecting head; and a discharge-side tank leading to a discharge port of the liquid ejecting head, wherein the liquid is circulated by setting pressure in the supply-side tank higher than pressure in the discharge-side tank, and a sum of the pressure in the supply-side tank and the pressure in the discharge-side tank is set smaller when initial filling for filling the circulation route with the liquid is performed than when the liquid is circulated.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a plurality of nozzles from which liquid is discharged, a plurality of individual-liquid-chambers communicating with the plurality of nozzles, respectively, a plurality of individual-drainage-channels communicating with the plurality of individual-liquid-chambers, respectively, a drainage-side common-liquid-chamber communicating with each of the plurality of individual-drainage-channels, a filter having filter holes and disposed between the plurality of individual-drainage-channels and the drainage-side common-liquid-chamber, and an intermediate-drainage-channel disposed between the filter and the plurality of individual-drainage-channels. The intermediate-drainage-channel faces the filter and communicates with two or more of the plurality of individual-drainage-channels.

Abstract: A package of a heat-bent polarizing sheet for producing an injection-molded polarizing lens, in which a laminated polarizing sheet prepared by bonding a transparent plastic sheet onto each of two sides of a polarizing film formed of a uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol resin film with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween is used as an individual laminated polarizing sheet that has an original plate shape for individual lenses, the individual laminated polarizing sheet is heat-bent to form a spherical aspherical surface under heating to prepare a heat-bent polarizing sheet, the heat-bent polarizing sheet is set onto a mold, and a transparent resin for lenses is injection-molded onto a concave surface of the heat-bent polarizing sheet. The heat-bent polarizing sheet is a heat-bent polarizing sheet that is stored or transported in a dampproof package and can be used in injection molding without performing preliminary drying as a pretreatment of injection molding.

Abstract: A protective film-attached functional sheet includes a protective film bonded to a functional sheet including aromatic polycarbonate sheets and a functional layer sandwiched between the aromatic polycarbonate sheets, the functional layer being a polyvinyl alcohol polarizing film layer, a photochromic layer, or a combination. The protective film is a polyolefin resin film that includes at least two layers: a base layer formed of a polypropylene having a melting point equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate and an adhesive layer on one surface of the base layer and being a resin composition containing a polyolefin rubber and a polyolefin having a melting point lower than the glass transition temperature but equal to or higher than 15° C. lower than the glass transition temperature; or at least three layers: the aforementioned two layers and an intermediate layer between the base layer and the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A functional sheet with protective films obtained by laminating protective sheets includes aromatic polycarbonate onto a functional layer that is a polyvinyl alcohol polarizing layer or a photocromic layer or any combination thereof and having the protective films adhere to the protective sheets. The protective films have at least two or three layers i.e., a base layer composed of a polypropylene that has a melting point higher than the glass transition temperature of an aromatic polycarbonate; an adhesive layer composed of a heat plastic polyolefin elastomer composed of a polyolefin that has a melting point from a temperature that is 15° C. lower than the glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate to a temperature that is lower than the glass transition temperature and a styrene-olefin-styrene co-poly-elastomer; and a middle layer composed of a polyolefin resin between the base layer and the adhesive layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrostatic latent image bearer; a charger to charge a surface of the electrostatic latent image bearer; a power source to output a charging bias supplied to the charger; an electrostatic latent image writing unit to write an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrostatic latent image bearer charged by the charger; a developing unit including a developing member to develop the electrostatic latent image to obtain a toner image; a developing power source to output a developing bias supplied to the developing unit; a processor to adjust the charging bias output from the power source to a predetermined target value; and a storage unit to store an adjustment value algorithm.