Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst having high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and the like, particularly a catalyst employing platinum group particles having a small particle diameter. A layered manganese oxide comprising platinum group metal particles between layers. A method for producing a layered manganese oxide comprising platinum group metal particles between layers, or platinum group metal particles, the method comprising introducing a platinum group complex between layers of a layered manganese oxide and reducing the introduced platinum group complex by electrolysis, wherein a potential applied to the platinum group complex is changed in a positive direction and a negative direction.

Abstract: A connection device according to an aspect of the present invention is a server (104) which establishes a connection among a terminal (101), a terminal (102), and a terminal (103) for a multipoint conference in which media data is directly transmitted and received among the terminals (101 to 103), the connection device includes a caller information obtaining unit (202) and a callee information obtaining unit (203) which obtains media information of the terminals, a holding unit (204) which transmits, to the terminal (101), a first message for preventing the terminal (101) from starting a transmission of the media data to the terminal (102) and the terminal (103), when the media information of the terminal (102) and the terminal (103) is not obtained, and a communication starting unit (205) which transmits a second message (i) including the media information of the terminal (102) and (ii) for causing the terminal (101) to start transmitting the media data to the terminal (102), when the media information of th

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus accurately estimates an available bandwidth even in a high bandwidth in a network. The transmitting apparatus includes a timer that generates a signal having a signal cycle of a predetermined unit time and a packet train generating unit that generates probe packets each transmitted at the signal cycle, and generates, at least one adjustment packet inserted between two of the probe packets, the number of which corresponds to a measurement The apparatus also includes a transmitting unit that transmits, at the signal cycle, each probe packet having transmission time information, and the adjustment packet between the two probe packets, a receiving unit which receives, from a receiving apparatus, return information obtainable based on a reception time of each probe packet and a determining unit that determines the available bandwidth, using the received return information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a path setting device capable of setting a distribution path of packets more speedily, when the originator of information is switched. The terminal (100) as the device sets the distribution path of the packets to a communication network which distributes the information from an unspecified terminal to a large number of terminals by transferring the packets. The terminal (100) comprises: an expanded distribution tree calculation unit (140) which calculates the distribution path in accordance with the position, on the communication network, of an origination candidate terminal which is a terminal capable of originating information; and a table setting server unit (150) which sets the calculated distribution path to the communication network.

Abstract: A server device including a management unit for receiving and managing a status of equipment or a user operating the equipment as status information and detecting a load status of the server device from receiving situation of the status information, a notification request receiving unit for receiving a notification request message that requests notification of the status information from a reference person terminal; a notification response transmitting unit for transmitting a notification respond message that responds to the received notification request message; and a status notification transmitting unit for transmitting an information notification message including the status information received by the management unit to the reference person terminal according to the load status. The server device can precisely transmit information from a user device, and the like, to the reference person terminal when the server device is in an overload state.

Abstract: A communication apparatus controls a session with respect to at least one other communication apparatus by using a basic method or a reply of a call control protocol. The communication apparatus includes a message receiving section that receives a message which is transmitted from the other communication apparatus, and the message in which reconnection control information related to an operation after an end of the session is described in the basic method or the reply, and a first controlling section that performs a reconnection control based on the reconnection control information contained in the message.

Abstract: Disclosed is a path setting device capable of setting a distribution path of packets more speedily, when the originator of information is switched. The terminal (100) as the device sets the distribution path of the packets to a communication network which distributes the information from an unspecified terminal to a large number of terminals by transferring the packets. The terminal (100) comprises: an expanded distribution tree calculation unit (140) which calculates the distribution path in accordance with the position, on the communication network, of an origination candidate terminal which is a terminal capable of originating information; and a table setting server unit (150) which sets the calculated distribution path to the communication network.

Abstract: To provide a transmitting apparatus capable of accurately estimating an available bandwidth even in a high bandwidth in a network.

Abstract: A connection device according to an aspect of the present invention is a server (104) which establishes a connection among a terminal (101), a terminal (102), and a terminal (103) for a multipoint conference in which media data is directly transmitted and received among the terminals (101 to 103), the connection device includes a caller information obtaining unit (202) and a callee information obtaining unit (203) which obtains media information of the terminals, a holding unit (204) which transmits, to the terminal (101), a first message for preventing the terminal (101) from starting a transmission of the media data to the terminal (102) and the terminal (103), when the media information of the terminal (102) and the terminal (103) is not obtained, and a communication starting unit (205) which transmits a second message (i) including the media information of the terminal (102) and (ii) for causing the terminal (101) to start transmitting the media data to the terminal (102), when the media information of th

Abstract: A server device including a management unit for receiving and managing a status of equipment or a user operating the equipment as status information and detecting a load status of the server device from receiving situation of the status information, a notification request receiving unit for receiving a notification request message that requests notification of the status information from a reference person terminal; a notification response transmitting unit for transmitting a notification respond message that responds to the received notification request message; and a status notification transmitting unit for transmitting an information notification message including the status information received by the management unit to the reference person terminal according to the load status. The server device can precisely transmit information from a user device, and the like, to the reference person terminal when the server device is in an overload state.