Abstract: A grain oriented electrical steel sheet includes a base steel sheet, a glass film, and a tension-insulation coating. When a glow discharge emission spectroscopy is conducted from a surface of the glass film toward a depth direction, an analysis starting time Ts, a time TAlp at which Al shows a maximum emission intensity, an Al emission intensity F(TAlp) at the TAlp, a time TSip at which Si shows a maximum emission intensity, and an Al emission intensity F(TSip) at the TSip satisfy 0.05?F(TSip)/F(TAlp)?0.50 and 2.0?(TAlp?Ts)/(TSip?Ts)?5.0.

Abstract: A new and improved method for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet enabling production of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet realizing high magnetic flux density and excellent in magnetic characteristics, that is, as one aspect, a method for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising a hot rolling process, cold rolling process, primary recrystallization annealing process, finish annealing process, and flattening annealing process, wherein shot blasting treatment and/or leveling treatment and treatment for contact with a solution are performed, the solution contains Cu etc. in a predetermined amount, the pH is ?1.5 or more and less than 7, a solution temperature is 15° C. or more and 100° C. or less, and the time during which the steel sheet is dipped in the solution is 5 seconds or more and 200 seconds or less.

Abstract: Provided is a production method for a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that is thin and has excellent magnetic characteristics. An embodiment of the present invention provides a production method that is for a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and that comprises: a hot rolling step; an optional hot-rolled sheet-annealing step; an acid-washing step; a cold rolling step; a primary recrystallization-annealing step; a finishing-annealing step; and a planarization-annealing step. In the acid-washing step, an acid-washing solution containing 0.0001-5.00 g/L of Cu is used. The thickness of a cold-rolled steel sheet is 0.15-0.23 mm. The average temperature increase rate in the temperature range of 30-400° C. in a temperature increase process in the primary recrystallization step is more than 50° C./sec but not more than 1000° C./sec.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and excellent in adhesion of a primary coating to the steel sheet is provided. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is provided with a base steel sheet having a chemical composition containing C: 0.005% or less, Si: 2.5 to 4.5%, Mn: 0.050 to 1.000%, a total of S and Se: 0.005% or less, sol. Al: 0.005% or less, and N: 0.005% or less and having a balance of Fe and impurities and a primary coating having Mg2 SiO4 as a main constituent formed on a surface of the base steel sheet. A peak position of Al emission intensity obtained when conducting elemental analysis by glow discharge spectrometry from a surface of the primary coating in a thickness direction is present in a range of 2.0 to 12.0 µm from a surface of the primary coating to the thickness direction. A sum of perimeters of the Al oxides at the peak position of Al emission intensity is 0.20 to 1.00 µm/µm2, and a number density of Al oxides is 0.02 to 0.20 /µm2.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and excellent in adhesion of a primary coating to a base steel sheet, an annealing separator utilized for manufacture of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, and a method for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are proposed. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is provided with a base metal steel sheet containing comprising a predetermined chemical composition and a primary coating formed on a surface of the base steel sheet and comprising Mg2SiO4 as a main constituent. The primary coating satisfies the conditions of (1) the number density D3 of the Al concentrated region: 0.020 to 0.180/?m2, (2) (total area S5 of regions which is anchoring oxide layer regions and is also Al concentrated regions)/(total area S3 of Al concentrated regions)?33%, (3) distance H5 of mean value of length in thickness direction of regions which is anchoring oxide layer regions and is also Al concentrated regions minus H0: 0.4 to 4.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and excellent in adhesion of a primary coating to the steel sheet is provided. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is provided with a base steel sheet having a chemical composition containing C: 0.005% or less, Si: 2.5 to 4.5%, Mn: 0.050 to 1.000%, a total of S and Se: 0.005% or less, sol. Al: 0.005% or less, and N: 0.005% or less and having a balance of Fe and impurities and a primary coating having Mg2 SiO4 as a main constituent formed on a surface of the base steel sheet. A peak position of Al emission intensity obtained when conducting elemental analysis by glow discharge spectrometry from a surface of the primary coating in a thickness direction is present in a range of 2.0 to 12.0 ?m from a surface of the primary coating to the thickness direction. A sum of perimeters of the Al oxides at the peak position of Al emission intensity is 0.20 to 1.00 ?m/?m2, and a number density of Al oxides is 0.02 to 0.20/?m2.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and adhesion of a primary coating to a base steel sheet and with few defects where the base metal is exposed in point defects and a method for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are provided. This is characterized by being provided with a base steel sheet and a primary coating. The primary coating satisfies (1) Number density D3 of Al concentrated regions: 0.015 to 0.150/?m2 (2) (Area S5 of regions comprised of anchoring oxide layer regions and Al concentrated regions)/(area S3 of Al concentrated regions)?0.30, (3) Distance H5 of mean value of heights in thickness direction of regions of comprised of anchoring oxide layer regions and Al concentrated regions minus HO: 0.4 to 4.0 ?m, (4) (Perimeter L5 of regions comprised of anchoring oxide layer regions and Al concentrated regions)/(observed area S0): 0.020 to 0.500 ?m/?2, and (5) (Area S1 of anchoring oxide layer regions)/(observed area S0)?0.15.

Abstract: A grain oriented electrical steel sheet includes a base steel sheet, a glass film, and a tension-insulation coating. When a glow discharge emission spectroscopy is conducted from a surface of the glass film toward a depth direction, an analysis starting time Ts, a time TAlp at which Al shows a maximum emission intensity, an Al emission intensity F(TAlp) at the TAlp, a time TSip at which Si shows a maximum emission intensity, and an Al emission intensity F(TSip) at the TSip satisfy 0.05?F(TSip)/F(TAlp)?0.50 and 2.0?(TAlp?Ts)/(TSip?Ts)?5.0.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and excellent in adhesion of the primary coating to the steel sheet is provided. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention is provided with a base metal steel sheet containing a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.005% or less, Si: 0.5 to 7.0%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.00%, a total of S and Se: 0.005% or less, sol. Al: 0.005% or less, and N: 0.005% or less and having a balance comprised of Fe and impurities and with a primary coating formed on a surface of the base metal steel sheet and containing Mg2SiO4as a main constituent, wherein a peak position of Al emission intensity obtained when performing elemental analysis by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry from a surface of the primary coating in a thickness direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is arranged within a range of 2.0 to 12.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and excellent in adhesion of a primary coating to the steel sheet is provided. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is provided with a base steel sheet having a chemical composition containing C: 0.005% or less, Si: 2.5 to 4.5%, Mn: 0.050 to 1.000%, a total of S and Se: 0.005% or less, sol. Al: 0.005% or less, and N: 0.005% or less and having a balance of Fe and impurities and a primary coating having Mg2 SiO4 as a main constituent formed on a surface of the base steel sheet. A peak position of Al emission intensity obtained when conducting elemental analysis by glow discharge spectrometry from a surface of the primary coating in a thickness direction is present in a range of 2.0 to 12.0 ?m from a surface of the primary coating to the thickness direction. A sum of perimeters of the Al oxides at the peak position of Al emission intensity is 0.20 to 1.00 ?m/?m2, and a number density of Al oxides is 0.02 to 0.20/?m2.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and adhesion of a primary coating to a base steel sheet and with few defects where the base metal is exposed in point defects and a method for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are provided. This is characterized by being provided with a base steel sheet and a primary coating. The primary coating satisfies (1) Number density D3 of Al concentrated regions: 0.015 to 0.150/?m2, (2) (Area S5 of regions comprised of anchoring oxide layer regions and Al concentrated regions)/(area S3 of Al concentrated regions)?0.30, (3) Distance H5 of mean value of heights in thickness direction of regions of comprised of anchoring oxide layer regions and Al concentrated regions minus H0: 0.4 to 4.0 ?m, (4) (Perimeter L5 of regions comprised of anchoring oxide layer regions and Al concentrated regions)/(observed area S0): 0.020 to 0.500 ?m/?m2, and (5) (Area S1 of anchoring oxide layer regions)/(observed area S0)?0.15.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and excellent in adhesion of a primary coating to a base steel sheet, an annealing separator utilized for manufacture of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, and a method for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are proposed. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is provided with a base metal steel sheet containing comprising a predetermined chemical composition and a primary coating formed on a surface of the base steel sheet and comprising Mg2SiO4 as a main constituent. The primary coating satisfies the conditions of (1) the number density D3 of the A1 concentrated region: 0.020 to 0.180/?m2 , (2) (total area S5 of regions which is anchoring oxide layer regions and is also A1 concentrated regions)/(total area S3 of Al concentrated regions)?33%, (3) distance H5 of mean value of length in thickness direction of regions which is anchoring oxide layer regions and is also A1 concentrated regions minus H0: 0.4 to 4.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and excellent in adhesion of primary coating to steel sheet provided with a base metal steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition and a primary coating formed on a surface of the base metal steel sheet and containing Mg2SiO4 as a main constituent, where a peak position of Al emission intensity obtained when performing elemental analysis by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry from a surface of the primary coating in a thickness direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is arranged within a range of 2.4 to 12.0 ?m from the surface of the primary coating in the thickness direction, a number density of Al oxides at the peak position of Al emission intensity and of a size of 0.2 ?m or more in terms of a circle equivalent diameter based on the area is 0.03 to 0.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and excellent in adhesion of the primary coating to the steel sheet is provided. This is provided with a base metal steel sheet containing a predetermined chemical composition and a primary coating formed on a surface of the base metal steel sheet and containing Mg2SiO4 as a main constituent. A peak position of Al emission intensity obtained when performing elemental analysis by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry from a surface of the primary coating in a thickness direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is arranged within a range of 2.0 to 10.0 ?m from the surface of the primary coating in the thickness direction. A number density of Al oxides of a size of 0.2 ?m or more in terms of a circle equivalent diameter based on the area at the peak position of Al emission intensity is 0.032 to 0.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in coating adhesion and magnetic properties is provided. The method for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in coating adhesion and magnetic properties includes a process of heating to 1280° C.

Abstract: An electrostatic copying machine apparatus includes a developing device having a fixedly positioned permanent magnet and a hollow developing sleeve formed of a non-magnetic material mounted coaxially about the permanent magnet for rotation thereabout. Toner supplied to the periphery of the sleeve forms thereon a magnetic brush which is conveyed by rotation of the sleeve to a developing position whereat the toner is transferred to a photoreceptor as a visible toner image. A bristle cutting member is positioned upstream of the developing position to restrict the length of the magnetic brush. A blade member formed of a non-magnetizable material prevents solidification of the toner on the periphery of the sleeve and is positioned upstream of the bristle cutting member. The blade member slides in contact with the periphery of the sleeve at a scraping position. The permanent magnet has spaced therearound at equal circumferential intervals a plurality of magnetizing positions having magnetic poles.

Abstract: A copying apparatus of the type in which an original-support device is mounted reciprocably on a housing through a sliding mechanism. The sliding mechanism is comprised of an outside rail fixed to one of the original-support device and the housing, an inside rail fixed to the other of said original-support device and housing, and disposed between the outside and inside rails, a holding plate rotatably holding a plurality of balls which contact both of the outside and inside rails. Each of the opposite ends of one of the outside and inside rails has disposed thereat a stop face against which each of the opposite ends of the holding plate can abut, and one end portion of the other of said outside and inside rails has disposed thereat a stop face against which one end of the holding plate can abut. A stop member defining a stop face against which the other end of the holding plate can abut is detachably disposed at the other end portion of the other of said outside and inside rails.

Abstract: An original-holding mechanism for an original-support device is disclosed which includes a flexible holding member for covering an original document placed on a transparent plate and a rigid supporting member located outwardly of the original-holding member. One end edge portion of the original-holding member is mounted adjacent to one end edge of the transparent plate. The base portion of the supporting member is mounted for pivotal movement about an axis extending along said one edge of the transparent plate as a center. The free end edge portion of the original-holding member is connected to the free end portion of the supporting member for movement over a predetermined range in a direction perpendicular to said axis.

Abstract: A cleaning device for use on a transfer type electrostatic copying apparatus includes a magnetic brush cleaning device for cleaning off a magnetizable toner remaining on a photosensitive material after a transfer operation. A brush roller is disposed between the magnetic brush cleaning device and a transfer zone. A brush is arranged on a peripheral surface of a cylindrical sleeve of light transmitting material and is driven for rotation in contact with the photosensitive material. A charge eraser lamp is secured within the cylindrical sleeve. The charge on the photosensitive material or photoreceptor is almost completely erased, and consequently, the cleaning efficiency is markedly improved owing to the facilitated removal of the developing material by the magnetic brush.

Abstract: An apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image, includes a developer holding member having a surface adapted for movement through an endless path and a developer receptacle having an opening formed at a site opposite to a part of the endless path. The receptacle contains a one-component developer consisting only of toner particles capable of retaining an electric charge. The developer in the receptacle is held on the surface of the developer holding member and charged by a charging member. The charged developer is carried to a developing zone by the movement of the surface of the developer holding member and applied to a latent electrostatic image to be developed.