Abstract: A transfer-separation device includes an intermediate transfer unit, a secondary transfer roller, a repulsive roller, a transfer unit, and a charge-eliminating/separating member. The secondary transfer roller and the repulsive roller form a nip through which the intermediate transfer unit and a recording medium pass. The transfer unit applies a bias voltage of a polarity identical to that of a toner image to the repulsive roller to secondarily transfer the toner image onto the recording medium. The charge-eliminating/separating member separates the recording medium from the intermediate transfer unit by removing charge therefrom. The volume resistance of the repulsive roller is greater than that of the secondary transfer roller. The surface resistance of the secondary transfer roller is equal to or greater than 106.5 ohm.

Abstract: A transferring device installed in an image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member configured to bear toner images on the surface. There is a transferring member configured to contact the image bearing member to form a transferring nip. A lubricant supplying member is configured to supply a lubricant to the surface of the transferring member, and there is a transferring member cleaning member such as a blade configured to remove residual toner and which contacts the surface of the transferring member. There is also a foreign material removing member configured to remove residual foreign material from the surface of the transferring member.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a light emitting unit that emits parallel light onto a plurality of marks that are arranged on an object such as a rotor or a belt, at a predetermined interval in a moving direction of the object, and a light receiving unit that receives light modulated by the marks. The parallel light is generated by a collimating lens.

Abstract: A transferring device installed in an image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member configured to bear toner images on the surface. There is a transferring member configured to contact the image bearing member to form a transferring nip. A lubricant supplying member is configured to supply a lubricant to the surface of the transferring member, and there is a transferring member cleaning member such as a blade configured to remove residual toner and which contacts the surface of the transferring member. There is also a foreign material removing member configured to remove residual foreign material from the surface of the transferring member.

Abstract: A transfer-separation device includes an intermediate transfer unit, a secondary transfer roller, a repulsive roller, a transfer unit, and a charge-eliminating/separating member. The secondary transfer roller and the repulsive roller form a nip through which the intermediate transfer unit and a recording medium pass. The transfer unit applies a bias voltage of a polarity identical to that of a toner image to the repulsive roller to secondarily transfer the toner image onto the recording medium. The charge-eliminating/separating member separates the recording medium from the intermediate transfer unit by removing charge therefrom. The volume resistance of the repulsive roller is greater than that of the secondary transfer roller. The surface resistance of the secondary transfer roller is equal to or greater than 106.5 ohm.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a rotary member having an image formation area, and a scale located at a position outside of the image formation area and on an inner circumference of the rotary member. Also included is a drive device configured to drive the rotary member, a developing device configured to develop an image on the image formation area of the rotary member, and a transfer device configured to transfer the image on the image formation area to a recording sheet. Further included is a sensor configured to detect the scale on the rotary member and to output a signal corresponding to the detection of the scale.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a rotary member having an image formation area, and a scale located at a position outside of the image formation area and on an inner circumference of the rotary member. Also included is a drive device configured to drive the rotary member, a developing device configured to develop an image on the image formation area of the rotary member, and a transfer device configured to transfer the image on the image formation area to a recording sheet. Further included is a sensor configured to detect the scale on the rotary member and to output a signal corresponding to the detection of the scale.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a light emitting unit that emits parallel light onto a plurality of marks that are arranged on an object such as a rotor or a belt, at a predetermined interval in a moving direction of the object, and a light receiving unit that receives light modulated by the marks. The parallel light is generated by a collimating lens.