Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with various improved battery characteristics and a method for manufacturing such a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. In the present invention, the battery manufacturing method includes accommodating and sealing a flat battery element (4) in which a positive electrode plate (41) and a negative electrode plate (42) stacked together via a separator (43), together with a non-aqueous electrolyte including a surplus electrolyte and at least one kind of electrolyte additive, in a laminate film exterior member (5), and then, subjecting the thus-assembled battery (1) to charging operation including at least initial charging in a state where a pressure is applied to a flat surface of the battery element from the outside of the exterior member (5).

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can efficiently discharge the gas generated to the outside of the electrode and exhibits a low decrease in battery capacity even when used for a long period of time in the case of using an aqueous binder as the binder of a negative electrode active material. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a positive electrode active material layer is formed on a surface of a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material layer is formed on a surface of a negative electrode current collector, and a separator, wherein the density of the negative electrode active material layer is from 1.3 to 1.6 g/cm3, the negative electrode active material layer contains an aqueous binder, and the surface center line average roughness (Ra) of a surface on a separator side of the negative electrode active material layer is from 0.5 to 1.0 ?m.

Abstract: Wettability of positive and negative electrode active material layers is improved by having the ratio of the liquid absorption speed of an electrolyte to the positive and negative electrode active material layers in an appropriate range when an aqueous binder is used in the negative electrode active material layer. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a power generating element having a positive electrode active material layer on a surface of a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material layer containing an aqueous binder on a surface of a negative electrode current collector, and a separator, and Tc/Ta is in the range of 0.6 to 1.3 when Tc is the soak-in time of the electrolyte liquid into the positive electrode active material layer and Ta is the soak-in time of the electrolyte liquid into the negative electrode active material layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with various improved battery characteristics and a method for manufacturing such a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. In the present invention, the battery manufacturing method includes accommodating and sealing a flat battery element (4) in which a positive electrode plate (41) and a negative electrode plate (42) stacked together via a separator (43), together with a non-aqueous electrolyte including a surplus electrolyte and at least one kind of electrolyte additive, in a laminate film exterior member (5), and then, subjecting the thus-assembled battery (1) to charging operation including at least initial charging in a state where a pressure is applied to a flat surface of the battery element from the outside of the exterior member (5).

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can efficiently discharge a gas generated to the outside of an electrode and exhibits a low decrease in battery capacity even when used for a long period of time in the case of using an aqueous binder as a binder of a negative electrode active material. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a negative electrode active material layer on the surface of a negative electrode current collector, in which the negative electrode active material layer contains an aqueous binder, a highly porous layer having a porosity that is higher than that of the separator is provided between the negative electrode active material layer and the separator, the porosity of the highly porous layer being from 50 to 90%, and a ratio of a thickness of the highly porous layer to a thickness of the negative electrode active material layer being from 0.01 to 0.4.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has high vibration resistance when an aqueous binder is used as a binder for a negative electrode active material. A flat laminated type non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a power generating element including a positive electrode obtained by forming a positive electrode active material layer on a surface of a positive electrode current collector; a negative electrode obtained by forming a negative electrode active material layer on a surface of a negative electrode current collector; and a separator, in which the negative electrode active material layer includes 2 to 4% by mass of an aqueous binder with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer has a rectangular shape, wherein a ratio of a length of long side to a length of short side of the rectangle is 1 to 1.25.

Abstract: Provided is a means capable of improving wettability of positive and negative electrode active material layers by having the ratio of the liquid absorption speed of an electrolyte to the positive and negative electrode active material layers in an appropriate range when an aqueous binder is used in the negative electrode active material layer. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a power generating element having a positive electrode active material layer on a surface of a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material layer containing an aqueous binder on a surface of a negative electrode current collector, and a separator, and Tc/Ta is in the range of 0.6 to 1.3 when Tc is the soak-in time of the electrolyte liquid into the positive electrode active material layer and Ta is the soak-in time of the electrolyte liquid into the negative electrode active material layer.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery enables a reaction for forming a film (SEI) on a surface of a negative electrode active material to proceed more uniformly when an aqueous binder is used as a binder for a negative electrode active material. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a positive electrode active material layer formed on a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material layer containing an aqueous binder formed on a surface of a negative electrode current collector, and a separator holding an electrolyte solution, wherein the ratio value of a volume of a residual space inside the outer casing to a volume of pores of the power generating element is 0.4 to 0.5, and the ratio value of a volume L of the electrolyte solution injected to the outer casing to the volume of the residual space inside the outer casing is 0.6 to 0.8.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can efficiently discharge the gas generated to the outside of the electrode and exhibits a low decrease in battery capacity even when used for a long period of time in the case of using an aqueous binder as the binder of a negative electrode active material. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a positive electrode active material layer is formed on a surface of a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material layer is formed on a surface of a negative electrode current collector, and a separator, wherein the density of the negative electrode active material layer is from 1.3 to 1.6 g/cm3, the negative electrode active material layer contains an aqueous binder, and the surface center line average roughness (Ra) of a surface on a separator side of the negative electrode active material layer is from 0.5 to 1.0 ?m.

Abstract: A fluid reforming apparatus of the present invention includes: a flow channel (30) in which a catalyst (1) is fixed to an inner wall; a fluid heating device (40) which heats a fluid to be reformed by the catalyst (1) and/or heats the catalyst (1) in the flow channel (30); catalyst temperature measuring devices (51, 52, 53, 54) which measure temperatures of the catalyst (1); and a pressure control device (10, 20, 60) which controls a pressure of the fluid in the flow channel so that the fluid can have a target pressure. The pressure control device (10, 20, 60) increases the target pressure when a difference between the temperatures of the catalyst (1) in a flow direction of the fluid exceeds a predetermined value during a period while the fluid in the flow channel (30) is being heated up to a target temperature.

Abstract: A fluid heating apparatus heats fluid in a passage to a target temperature. The fluid heating apparatus includes a fluid heating unit that heats the fluid, a fluid temperature measuring unit that measures a temperature of the fluid, and a pressure control unit that controls a pressure in the passage such that the pressure becomes equal to a target pressure. While the fluid in the passage is heated to the target temperature and when a temperature estimated from the thermal conductivity and specific heat is not increased, the pressure control unit increases the target pressure. According to a fluid heating method, when the fluid is heated by the fluid heating apparatus, the pressure control unit controls the pressure of the fluid such that the pressure becomes equal to or higher than a critical pressure.

Abstract: A fluid heating apparatus heats fluid in a passage to a target temperature. The fluid heating apparatus includes a fluid heating unit that heats the fluid, a fluid temperature measuring unit that measures a temperature of the fluid, and a pressure control unit that controls a pressure in the passage such that the pressure becomes equal to a target pressure. While the fluid in the passage is heated to the target temperature and when a temperature estimated from the thermal conductivity and specific heat is not increased, the pressure control unit increases the target pressure. According to a fluid heating method, when the fluid is heated by the fluid heating apparatus, the pressure control unit controls the pressure of the fluid such that the pressure becomes equal to or higher than a critical pressure.

Abstract: A fluid reforming apparatus of the present invention includes: a flow channel (30) in which a catalyst (1) is fixed to an inner wall; a fluid heating device (40) which heats a fluid to be reformed by the catalyst (1) and/or heats the catalyst (1) in the flow channel (30); catalyst temperature measuring devices (51, 52, 53, 54) which measure temperatures of the catalyst (1); and a pressure control device (10, 20, 60) which controls a pressure of the fluid in the flow channel so that the fluid can have a target pressure. The pressure control device (10, 20, 60) increases the target pressure when a difference between the temperatures of the catalyst (1) in a flow direction of the fluid exceeds a predetermined value during a period while the fluid in the flow channel (30) is being heated up to a target temperature.

Abstract: A fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine has an injector that injects fuel into an intake system or a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and a pressurizing device that pressurizes the fuel to a predetermined pressure. Further, the system has a first heating device that heats the fuel on an upstream side of the injector, and a second heating device that further heats the fuel heated by the first heating device. The second heating device is provided in the injector. Furthermore, the system has a control device that controls the second heating device to heat up the fuel heated by the first heating device to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A power conversion system for converting a dc voltage to a pulsed ac voltage includes a dc voltage source providing three or more electric potentials, and a switching circuit arranged to connect one of the potentials selectively to an output terminal. A controller produces a pulsed ac output voltage at the output terminal from the potentials of the dc voltage source by controlling an on time for connecting each of the potentials to the output terminal.

Abstract: A power conversion system for converting a dc voltage to a pulsed ac voltage includes a dc voltage source providing three or more electric potentials, and a switching circuit arranged to connect one of the potentials selectively to an output terminal. A controller produces a pulsed ac output voltage at the output terminal from the potentials of the dc voltage source by controlling an on time for connecting each of the potentials to the output terminal.