Abstract: The present invention provides a PWM control apparatus which makes it possible to obtain a high-precision, high-S/N-ratio, low-cost, small-volume, light-weight motor driving apparatus. In particular, to provide a motor driving apparatus using this PWM control apparatus, a stage apparatus using this motor driving apparatus, an exposure apparatus using this stage apparatus, a device manufactured by means of the exposure apparatus, and a device manufacturing method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a PWM control apparatus which makes it possible to obtain a high-precision, high-S/N-ratio, low-cost, small-volume, light-weight motor driving apparatus. In particular, to provide a motor driving apparatus using this PWM control apparatus, a stage apparatus using this motor driving apparatus, an exposure apparatus using this stage apparatus, a device manufactured by means of the exposure apparatus, and a device manufacturing method.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit comprises an amplifying circuit including selectable amplifying portions with different amplification factors, respectively, and an outline emphasizing circuit including portions with different degrees of outline emphasis, respectively. The relationship of the outline emphasizing circuit and the amplifying circuit is such that the degree of outline emphasis is dependent upon the amplification factor, so that the conspicuousness of noise is reduced. Where three amplification portions are employed, two of them having amplification factors smaller than the third may be connected to an outline emphasizing portion having the larger outline emphasis degree of a pair of outline emphasizing portions and the third may be connected to the outline emphasizing portion of smaller outline emphasis degree, whereby a similar outline emphasis is obtained for two different amplification factors.

Abstract: An image signal generating apparatus includes an optical system for focusing the image of a photographic film onto a predetermined plane and a scanning device for scanning the image with a photoreceptor positioned at the predetermined plane and generating output signals representing the light intensity distribution of the film. The scanning device performs a first scan of the image and a second scan of the image upon completion of the first scan. During the first scan the levels of the output signals indicative of the maximum density and the minimum density of the film are detected, and during the second scan the exposure of the photoreceptor is controlled in accordance with the detected levels. Also, during the second scan, the output signals are clamped to a clamp level calculated in accordance with the detected maximum density level and the minimum level of the output signals during the first scan.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for a phototelegraphic apparatus for transmitting a film image has a frame for holding a film in which an image is optically recorded, a line sensor consisting of an array of CCDs for reading the film image, a main scanning direction frame signal elimination circuit for eliminating signal components corresponding to the frame from maximum and minimum densities detected by a peak hold circuit among main scanning image signals, and a microcomputer for detecting signal components corresponding to the frame from subscanning image signals. Noise components in image signals obtained by the line sensor due to the presence of the frame or soiling or scratching of the film are eliminated with a simple circuit configuration.

Abstract: A picture combining apparatus for concurrently using a single shooting television camera to pick up still pictures such as titles. In the picture combining apparatus, the level of a luminance signal in a still picture signal generated from the television camera is compared with a threshold level to generate a binary signal corresponding to the difference therebetween and the binary signal is stored in a memory. At a given time during the shooting of a background the content of the memory is read so that the binary signal is provided with a particular color or luminance level and is superimposed on a background picture signal from the camera. Thus, the camera generates an output signal corresponding to a picture comprising the still picture superimposed on the background.

Abstract: In a color television camera of the type in which the white balance is subjected to automatic follow-up adjustment during the shooting in accordance with the color temperature of an object illuminating light detected by light sensors provided independent of the imaging means, the adjusted condition of the white balance is maintained constant as desired. The TV camera includes change-over switch for switching the white balance control mode between the automatic follow-up mode and the memory mode, memory means for locking the white balance which has been adjusted automatically in the then current condition in response to the change-over to the memory mode, and a controller whereby when the shooting preparatory operation is started with the memory mode being selected the white balance control mode is always changed over to the automatic follow-up mode first thereby effecting the white balance adjustment. Particularly, this change-over to the automatic mode occurs when the power source is coupled to the camera.

Abstract: In a camera having a capacitor connected between DC power source lines and at least one electrical circuit connected between the power source lines, each of the electrical circuits including a semiconductor switch element in the current route between the power source lines for interrupting the current flowing through the circuit, a device for controlling the power supply to each of the electrical circuits includes main switch means provided between the power source lines for applying a bias current to the semiconductor element.

Abstract: An absolute value circuit capable of providing, through an output terminal, a signal corresponding to the absolute value of the difference between a first input signal and a second input signal, comprises a first circuit, a second circuit and a uni-directional circuit.The first circuit is adapted for subtracting a current corresponding to said second input signal from a current corresponding to said first input signal and for supplying to said output terminal a current of one direction corresponding to the result of said subtraction in case said result is positive, or a current of the other direction corresponding to the result of said subtraction in case said result is negative.

Abstract: A data recording device for a camera comprises a time signal generator for generating time-sequential time signals, display means changing the content of display in response to said time signal, a recording signal generator for generating a recording signal of a determined duration for causing the exposure of the display of said display means onto a photographic film and delay means for delaying the entry of said time signal into said display means until the termination of said recording signal in case said time signal is released during the continuation of said recording signal.

Abstract: A motor control device includes a bridge circuit having semiconductor switching elements disposed in each arm thereof and being adapted for the connection of a motor between pairs of arms. The semiconductor switching elements are selectively rendered conductive to alternately drive the motor in forward and reverse directions, and certain ones of a semiconductor switching elements may be simultaneously rendered conductive to form a closed loop which short-circuits the motor and causes dynamic braking. The motor control device is capable of instantaneously stopping the rotation of the motor and is capable of rapidly reversing the motor's direction of rotation. The device is particularly useful in an automatic focusing apparatus or an automatic diaphragm setting apparatus in a camera.

Abstract: Apparatus for preventing a malfunction of an electric shutter device is disclosed which comprises a source voltage detection circuit and a demagnetizing device connected with the output terminal of the detection circuit. The source voltage detection circuit produces a signal at its output terminal when the detected voltage is below a certain determined value. The device connected with the output terminal of the detection circuit is responsive to the signal to demagnetize the magnet of the shutter device.

Abstract: A power supply circuit is so designed that the power supply is interrupted to the load after a predetermined period from a switch closing signal generated when the power switch is closed. The power supply circuit is capable of preventing unnecessary consumption of the battery power resulting from defective insulation of the power switch.

Abstract: In a single lens reflex camera having a movable mirror, a metering circuit, a circuit for operating a proper exposure value in accordance with the metering output of the metering circuit, a circuit for storing the output of the operation circuit, display means and operating switch means, holding means is provided for holding the output of the memory circuit at a value before the return of the mirror to its normal position for a predetermined period of time after the mirror has returned to its normal position and for applying the held output to the display means.

Abstract: An alarm device control system in a camera having a metering device for measuring the brightness of an object and generating an output corresponding to a proper exposure value, and an alarm device for receiving the output of the metering device as input and giving an alarm when the proper exposure value does not satisfy predetermined photographing conditions. The system comprises switch means adapted to become operative in response to operation of a shutter release member, and a preparatory power source device for maintaining the metering device operative for a predetermined time after the switch means has become inoperative.

Abstract: An alarm device in a camera comprises a shutter speed manual/auto change-over dial having a first Auto position and a second Auto position, and alarm sound generating circuit operatively associated with the change-over dial so as to become operative in the first Auto position and to become non-operative in the second Auto position, and means for visually displaying the sound alarm non-operation condition which is operatively associated with the change-over dial so as to become non-operative in the first Auto position and to become operative in the second Auto position.