Abstract: Methods and systems for recovering sulfur dioxide from a Claus unit process emissions stream are provided. The method comprises the steps of generating a process emissions stream from a thermal oxidizer or other combustion device, introducing the emissions stream to an SO2 removal system, introducing the SO2 rich stream from the SO2 removal system to a CO2 removal system, and introducing an enriched SO2 stream back to the Claus unit. The SO2 removal system can include one or more SO2 selective membranes. The CO2 removal system can include one or more CO2 selective membranes.

Abstract: According to one implementation of the present disclosure, a stabilizer of an aircraft includes an energy absorbing assembly. The energy absorbing assembly includes first and second portions and a retractable section. The retractable section may be at least partially affixed to the first portion and is configured to enable displacement of the second portion of the stabilizer with respect to the first portion.

Abstract: Methods are provided for reducing the quantity of acid gas reinjected into a reservoir by partial CO2 removal processes. The methods include acid gas removal, acid gas enrichment, generation of a CO2 rich stream and an H2S rich stream, and reinjection of the H2S rich stream into the reservoir. The acid gas enrichment can be performed by a solvent-based acid gas enrichment unit, a membrane-based acid gas enrichment unit, or a combination of a solvent-based acid gas enrichment unit a and membrane-based acid gas enrichment unit. The system includes an acid gas removal unit, one or more acid gas enrichment units, and an acid gas reinjection compressor. The acid gas enrichment unit can be a solvent-based acid gas enrichment unit, a membrane-based acid gas enrichment unit, or a solvent-based acid gas enrichment unit and a membrane-based acid gas enrichment unit.

Abstract: An emulsion separation device including a plurality of inclined plates, a buoyancy device, and an electric field generation system. Also disclosed are systems and methods for the separation of an emulsion into a continuous aqueous phase and a continuous oil phase. The systems may include: a vessel having an emulsion inlet, a continuous aqueous phase outlet, and a continuous oil phase outlet. A separation device may be disposed in the vessel, the separation device including: a plurality of inclined plates and a buoyancy device configured to maintain the plurality of inclined plates between the continuous aqueous phase and the continuous oil phase. An electric field generation system may also be provided and configured to expose the emulsion to an electric field.

Abstract: A rotorcraft includes a substantially rigid structural body. The structural body has an internal cavity and an aperture extending entirely through the structural body. The rotorcraft further includes at least one of a tail boom and a fuselage. The rotorcraft further includes a propulsion device disposed at least partially within the internal cavity and at least partially within the aperture. The propulsion device is carried by the structural body so that forces are transferred from the propulsion device to at least one of the tail boom and the fuselage via the structural body.

Abstract: According to one implementation of the present disclosure, a stabilizer of an aircraft includes an energy attenuating portion. The energy attenuating portion includes first and second edge sections separated by an adaptable section. The adaptable section may be rigid in a first range of directions and compressible in a second range of directions.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a syngas stream, the process comprising the steps of: providing a syngas stream to a nonselective amine absorption unit, the sour syngas stream comprising syngas, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide; separating the syngas stream in the nonselective amine absorption unit to obtain an overhead syngas stream and an acid gas stream; introducing the acid gas stream to a membrane separation unit, the acid gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; separating the acid gas stream in the membrane separation unit to produce a retentate stream and a permeate stream, wherein the retentate stream comprises hydrogen sulfide, wherein the permeate stream comprises carbon dioxide; introducing the retentate stream to a sulfur recovery unit; processing the retentate stream in the sulfur recovery unit to produce a sulfur stream and a tail gas stream, wherein the sulfur stream comprises liquid sulfur.

Abstract: To measure water content of liquid hydrocarbon using dried liquid hydrocarbon solvent, a liquid hydrocarbon sample is received from a flowline carrying the liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon sample includes liquid hydrocarbon and liquid water at a concentration greater than a water saturation level. The liquid hydrocarbon sample is split into a first portion and a remainder portion. The first portion is dried to remove liquid water in the first portion. The remainder portion is mixed with the dried first portion causing the concentration of liquid water in a mixture of the remainder portion and the dried first portion to be below the water saturation level. After mixing the remainder portion with the dried first portion, a water content in the liquid hydrocarbon sample is determined.

Abstract: A process for recovering sulfur from a sour gas is provided. The process includes the steps of: providing the sour gas to a membrane separation unit having a carbon dioxide-selective membrane that comprises a perfluoropolymer, wherein the sour gas comprises carbon dioxide and at least 1 mol % hydrogen sulfide; separating the sour gas using the carbon dioxide-selective membrane in the membrane separation stage to obtain hydrogen sulfide-enriched gas and hydrogen sulfide-stripped gas, wherein the hydrogen sulfide-enriched gas has a hydrogen sulfide concentration of at least 20 mol %, and wherein the hydrogen sulfide-stripped gas comprises carbon dioxide; and processing the hydrogen sulfide-enriched gas in a sulfur recovery unit to obtain sulfur.

Abstract: A system and method for sulfur recovery, including hydrogenating Claus tail gas, quenching the hydrogenated gas, adsorbing water and hydrogen sulfide from the quenched gas, and regenerating adsorbent with carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen and heating the adsorbent in a regeneration temperature ramp to desorb primarily hydrogen sulfide in a first part of the temperature ramp.

Abstract: Online measurement of dispersed oil phase in produced water can be implemented a method on-site of a flowline transporting a fluid that includes dispersed oil in water. A sample of the fluid flowed through the flowline is obtained. The sample includes the oil phase and the water phase. The sample is combined with a chemical element that can separate the oil phase in the sample from the water phase in the sample. The separated oil phase and the chemical element are transferred into a measurement cell. The chemical element is removed from the measurement cell. After the chemical element is removed from the measurement cell, a quantity of the oil phase in the sample in the measurement cell is determined by a capacitive measurement technique. The determined quantity of the oil phase in the sample is provided.

Abstract: A process for recovering a noncondensable gas from a gaseous mixture, the method comprising the steps of: supplying a gaseous mixture comprising a noncondensable component; supplying a sweep gas comprising a condensable component; introducing the gaseous mixture and the sweep gas to a swept membrane stage to obtain a retentate stream and a mixed permeate stream, the mixed permeate stream comprising at least a portion of the condensable component and at least a portion of the noncondensable component; introducing the mixed permeate stream to a vapor-liquid separator and subjecting the mixed permeate stream to thermodynamic conditions sufficient to condense most of the condensable component into a liquid, and obtain a raw noncondensable component stream, wherein the raw noncondensable component stream is enriched in the noncondensable component; and introducing the raw noncondensable component to a concentration unit to obtain a noncondensable component product stream enriched in the noncondensable component.

Abstract: Recovering helium from a gaseous stream includes contacting an acid gas removal membrane with a gaseous stream to yield a permeate stream and a residual stream, removing a majority of the acid gas from the residual stream to yield a first acid gas stream and a helium depleted clean gas stream, removing a majority of the acid gas from the permeate stream to yield a second acid gas stream and a helium rich stream, and removing helium from the helium rich stream to yield a helium product stream and a helium depleted stream. A helium removal system for removing helium from a gaseous stream including hydrocarbon gas, acid gas, and helium includes a first processing zone including a first acid gas removal unit, a second processing zone including a second acid gas removal unit, a third processing zone, and a helium purification unit.

Abstract: A process for recovering sulfur and carbon dioxide from a sour gas stream, the process comprising the steps of: providing a sour gas stream to a membrane separation unit, the sour gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; separating the hydrogen sulfide from the carbon dioxide in the membrane separation unit to obtain a retentate stream and a first permeate stream, wherein the retentate stream comprises hydrogen sulfide, wherein the permeate stream comprises carbon dioxide; introducing the retentate stream to a sulfur recovery unit; processing the retentate stream in the sulfur recovery unit to produce a sulfur stream and a tail gas stream, wherein the sulfur stream comprises liquid sulfur; introducing the permeate stream to an amine absorption unit; and processing the permeate stream in the amine absorption unit to produce an enriched carbon dioxide stream.

Abstract: A modal restraint system for an occupant of a seat of an aircraft. The modal restraint system includes a strap feeder unit and a strap selectively retractable into and extendable from the strap feeder unit. The strap feeder unit is adapted to switch between a plurality of modes including an unfixed mode and a fixed mode. The strap is extendable from and retractable into the strap feeder unit in the unfixed mode. The strap is substantially unextendable from the strap feeder unit in the fixed mode. The strap feeder unit is in the unfixed mode by default. The strap feeder unit is operable to switch from the unfixed mode to the fixed mode in response to a precautionary event including detection of an operational parameter that is beyond a predetermined threshold, thereby reducing freedom of movement of the occupant relative to the seat.

Abstract: Online measurement of dispersed oil phase in produced water can be implemented a method on-site of a flowline transporting a fluid that includes dispersed oil in water. A sample of the fluid flowed through the flowline is obtained. The sample includes the oil phase and the water phase. The sample is combined with a chemical element that can separate the oil phase in the sample from the water phase in the sample. The separated oil phase and the chemical element are transferred into a measurement cell. The chemical element is removed from the measurement cell. After the chemical element is removed from the measurement cell, a quantity of the oil phase in the sample in the measurement cell is determined by a capacitive measurement technique. The determined quantity of the oil phase in the sample is provided.

Abstract: A windowed structure includes a body having a frame with an outer wall extending between a first end and a second end. An inner wall extends from the outer wall. The inner wall is connected to the outer wall at the first end to define a proximal joint of the body delimiting a window opening extending through the body. A window element covers the window opening and defines an outer window surface and an inner window surface. The window element has an overlap segment overlaying the outer wall and attached thereto. An unobstructed portion of the window element is defined between the overlap segment and is unobstructed by the frame between the proximal joint.

Abstract: A modal restraint system for an occupant of a seat of an aircraft having a mechanical failure sensor includes a strap feeder unit and a strap selectively retractable into and extendable from the strap feeder unit. The strap is positionable adjacent to the occupant. The strap feeder unit is adapted to switch between a plurality of modes including an unfixed mode and a fixed mode. The strap is extendable from and retractable into the strap feeder unit in the unfixed mode. The strap is substantially unextendable from the strap feeder unit in the fixed mode. The strap feeder unit is in the unfixed mode by default. The strap feeder unit is operable to switch to the fixed mode in response to a precautionary event including detection of an aircraft mechanical failure by the mechanical failure sensor, thereby reducing freedom of movement of the occupant relative to the seat.

Abstract: To measure water content of liquid hydrocarbon using dried liquid hydrocarbon solvent, a liquid hydrocarbon sample is received from a flowline carrying the liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon sample includes liquid hydrocarbon and liquid water at a concentration greater than a water saturation level. The liquid hydrocarbon sample is split into a first portion and a remainder portion. The first portion is dried to remove liquid water in the first portion. The remainder portion is mixed with the dried first portion causing the concentration of liquid water in a mixture of the remainder portion and the dried first portion to be below the water saturation level. After mixing the remainder portion with the dried first portion, a water content in the liquid hydrocarbon sample is determined.

Abstract: Methods and systems for increasing efficiency of combustion in a turbine, methods including expanding in an expansion unit a pressurized fluid stream to form an expanded, cooled fluid stream; exchanging heat between an oxygen containing stream and the expanded, cooled fluid stream to reduce temperature of the oxygen containing stream to a reduced temperature and create a reduced temperature turbine compressor inlet oxygen containing stream; and compressing the reduced temperature turbine compressor inlet oxygen containing stream to an operating pressure of the turbine, where the step of compressing the reduced temperature turbine compressor inlet oxygen containing stream is more efficient than compressing the oxygen containing stream.