Abstract: An automatic film winding apparatus for use with cameras comprises a sub-driving apparatus comprising a spring motor in addition to a main driving apparatus comprising an electric motor for film winding. When the main driving apparatus does not work, the sub-driving apparatus can be selectively worked for film winding in place of the main driving apparatus.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a power supply switching device for switching a different battery into circuit connection with a driving motor of the apparatus responsive to completion of each photographing cycle. In one embodiment, the power supply switching is effected by a rotary switch and, in the other embodiment, it is effected by a flip-flop circuit and transistors. The apparatus is capable of effecting film winding either at a high speed or at a low speed and, with high speed operation, all batteries are switched into circuit connection with the motor and the switching of different batteries into circuit connection with the motor is effective only at low speed operation of the film winding apparatus. The finish of each photographic cycle may be determined by the completion of winding of a respective frame of the film or by the completion of each shutter operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing identification cards including a photograph of a person and written material by using electrostatic and transfer printing techniques. A photoreceptor comprising a layer of photoconductive material on a conductive supporter is charged and is exposed to an optical image of a person to form an electrostatic latent image of the person on the photoconductive material layer. An identification card material comprising a layer of dielectric material on a conductive supporter is placed on top of the photoreceptor to transfer print the electrostatic latent image from the photoreceptor to the identification card material. Toner particles are then supplied to the dielectric material layer of the identification card material to develop the electrostatic latent image thereon into a visible image. Written matter may then be entered on the identification card material, and the identification card material may be protected by lamination.