Abstract: A heat pipe comprising a container having water enclosed therein as a working fluid and made of a material reactive with water to evolve hydrogen gas. The heat pipe is characterized in that the container has placed therein a solid oxidizing agent for oxidizing the hydrogen gas to water. The hydrogen gas produced by the reaction of the working fluid, i.e. water, with the container is oxidized to water by the oxidizing agent without remaining in the form of a gas within the condensing portion of the pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid electrolytic capacitor made of a structural body comprising a metal having a valve action, an oxide film formed on the surface of the metal, a semiconductor layer composed of a mixture of lead dioxide and lead sulfate, which is formed on the oxide film and, formed on the semiconductor layer, (a) a carbon layer, (b) a metal layer or (c) a carbon layer and a metal layer formed thereon. The semiconductor layer is formed by chemically depositing a mixture of lead dioxide and lead sulfate on the oxide film from a reaction mother liquid containing lead ions and persulfate ions.