Abstract: Provided is a diagnosis method for an autoimmune disease, including a step of measuring the relative abundances of bacteria included in a fecal sample collected from a test subject; and a step of performing the following (1), for example: (1) in a case in which relative abundance of a bacterium whose nucleotide sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene has an identity of 99% or higher with nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:4, is large compared to the relative abundance in healthy subject, determining that the test subject has contracted, or has a high risk of contracting, the autoimmune disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides a GM-CSF-producing T-cell control agent comprising a glycolipid compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient: wherein R1 represents an aldopyranose residue, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group, R3 represents —CH2—, —CH(OH)—CH2—, or —CH?CH—, R4 represents a hydrogen atom or CH3, x is 0 to 35, and y and z each represent an integer that satisfies y+z=0 to 3.

Abstract: The invention is a glycolipid useful in treating autoimmune diseases and a medicine thereof as active ingredient for autoimmune diseases, represented by the formula wherein R1 is an aldopyranose group, R2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R3 is —CH2—, —CH(OH)—CH2— or —CH?CH—, R4 is a hydrogen atom or CH3, x is 0-35, y and z represent integers satisfying y+z=0-3.

Abstract: Glycolipid derivatives having the formula (I): wherein R1 indicates an aldopyranose residue, R2 indicates a hydrogen atom or hydroxyl group, A indicates —CH2—, —CH(OH)—CH2— or —CH?CHCH2—, Z indicates —O— or —CH2—, when Z is —O— and x is an integer of 4 to 16, y indicates an integer of 26 to 35, when Z is —O— and x indicates an integer of 17 to 25, y indicates an integer of 0 to 35, when Z is —CH2— and x indicates an integer of 4 to 15, y indicates an integer of 26 to 35, and when Z is —CH2— and x indicates an integer of 16 to 25, y indicates an integer of 0 to 35 and a drug containing the glycolipid derivative for treatment of autoimmune arthritis and other autoimmune disease, bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases or diseases in which NKT cells or stimulation of NKT cells is known to be participating in the deterioration of conditions.

Abstract: A therapeutic drug for diseases, in which NKT cells or stimulus of NKT cells is involved in deterioration of disease conditions, containing, as an active ingredient, a glycolipid derivative having the formula (I): wherein R1 indicates an aldopyranose residue, R2 indicates a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group, A indicates —CH2—, —CH(OH)—CH2— or —CH?CHCH2—, x indicates an integer of 13 to 16 and y indicates an integer of 0 to 25 or its pharmacologically acceptable hydrate or solvate.

Abstract: The invention is a glycolipid useful in treating autoimmune diseases and a medicine thereof as active ingredient for autoimmune diseases, wherein R1 is an aldopyranose group, R2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R3 is —CH2—, —CH(OH)—CH2— or —CH?CH—, R4 is a hydrogen atom or CH3, x is 0-35, y and z represent integers satisfying y+z=0-3.

Abstract: A drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, which comprises as an active ingredient a monoclonal antibody which recognizes specifically extracellular region of human VLA-2. Preferable drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis comprises as an active ingredient a monoclonal antibody which recognizes specifically extracellular region of human VLA-2, .alpha. chain. The above drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can suppress swelling due to arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis with low toxicity and hence is useful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.