Abstract: It is an object to provide a method for producing a retardation film and the like, the retardation film contributing to cost reduction and enlargement of the screen of liquid crystal display devices having a high level of visibility. There is provided a method for producing a retardation film, the method including conveying a long polymer film being continuously fed in a conveying direction while holding both side edges of the polymer film and stretching the polymer film in a direction transverse to the conveying direction while conveying the polymer film, wherein the retardation film has an optical axis in the direction transverse to the conveying direction of the polymer film and has optical properties satisfying 0.1?NZ?0.9, and wherein the polymer film is stretched in the transverse direction with sagged in the conveying direction.

Abstract: A retardation film includes a plurality of unit areas in a direction parallel to a light-incident plane of the optical element, and the unit areas includes a plurality of unit areas 2 whose retardation with respect to light of a certain wavelength is different by 10 nm or more from retardation of adjacent unit areas with respect to light of the certain wavelength. The retardation film utilizes a difference in wavelength dependence between retardation r(n, ?) of each of the unit areas and synthetic retardation R(?) of a whole area including all of the unit areas. This realizes an optical element capable of easily controlling wavelength dispersion of retardation, without being constrained by a material.

Abstract: An X-ray microscope apparatus includes an X-ray generator, a photocathode disposed on a path of X-rays for producing electrons when irradiated with X-rays generated by the X-ray generator, an electron image enlarging device having an acceleration anode for accelerating electrons produced by the photocathode and a magnetic lens for enlarging and focusing an electron beam of electrons emitted by the photocathode, an electron beam detecting device for detecting the electron beam focused thereon by the electron image enlarging device; and an image processing device for processing an electron image formed by the electron beam detecting device. The X-ray microscope apparatus can be formed in compact construction.

Abstract: A film is provided which comprises a thermoplastic resin A having a substituted or non-substituted imide group at a side chain of the resin A, and a thermoplastic resin B having a substituted or non-substituted phenyl group and a nitrile group at a side chain of the resin B. The film has a retardation value of 0 to 1000 nm, a light transmission of 85% or more, and a haze of 2% or less.

Abstract: A film is provided which comprises a thermoplastic resin A having a substituted or non-substituted imide group at a side chain of the resin A, and a thermoplastic resin B having a substituted or non-substituted phenyl group and a nitrile group at a side chain of the resin B. The film has a retardation value of 0 to 1000 nm, a light transmission of 85% or more, and a haze of 2% or less.

Abstract: An X-ray microscope apparatus includes an X-ray generator, a photocathode disposed on a path of X-rays for producing electrons when irradiated with X-rays generated by the X-ray generator, an electron image enlarging device having an acceleration anode for accelerating electrons produced by the photocathode and a magnetic lens for enlarging and focusing an electron beam of electrons emitted by the photocathode, an electron beam detecting device for detecting the electron beam focused thereon by the electron image enlarging device; and an image processing device for processing an electron image formed by the electron beam detecting device. The X-ray microscope apparatus can be formed in compact construction.

Abstract: The touch-panel equipped liquid crystal display apparatus has a polarizing plate, a ¼ wave plate, a touch panel, a ¼ wave plate, and a liquid crystal cell, which are disposed in the above-mentioned order from the display surface side. The arrangement is made such that the polarization axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis within the film surface of the ¼ wave plate make an angle of 45° substantially, and the slow axis within the film surface of the ¼ wave plate and the polarization axis of the emission light from the liquid crystal cell make an angle of 45° substantially. Further, the slow axes of the ¼ wave plates and are arranged not in parallel with each other, or not cross over at right angles.

Abstract: The touch panel for use in a liquid crystal display device has a rigid electrode plate composed of a rigid transparent substrate provided with a transparent conductive layer on its upper surface, and a flexible electrode plate composed of a transparent and flexible substrate provided with a transparent conductive layer on its lower surface. On the upper surface of the flexible electrode plate, a polarizer plate is fixed. The flexible transparent substrate includes a transparent film of a transparent amorphous plastic material having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or higher, and the transparent film has a relative optical elasticity coefficient Cr value of 0.2 to 0.8 defined by the formula: Cr=C/Cpc where C represents an optical elasticity coefficient of the transparent film and Cpc represents an optical elasticity coefficient of a polycarbonate film derived from bisphenol A.

Abstract: A transparent touch panel comprises a pair of transparent conductive substrates and a retardation film. A transparent conductive film is formed on at least one surface of each of these substrates and these substrates are arranged such that the transparent conductive films are allowed to face each other. By depressing the substrate, these substrates are brought into mutual contact to perform the position detection. The retardation film is made of an amorphous plastic material, meets the relationship nz>ny and has a retardation (nx−ny)×d falling within a range of between 90 nm and 200 nm, wherein d represents the thickness of the film, nx the maximum refractive index within the plane of the retardation film, ny the refractive index in a direction perpendicular to nx, and nz the refractive index in the thickness direction of the retardation film.

Abstract: A transparent touch panel comprises a pair of transparent conductive substrates and a retardation film. A transparent conductive film is formed on at least one surface of each of these substrates and these substrates are arranged such that the transparent conductive films are allowed to face each other. By depressing the substrate, these substrates are brought into mutual contact to perform the position detection. The retardation film is made of an amorphous plastic material, meets the relationship nz>ny and has a retardation (nx−ny)×d falling within a range of between 90 nm and 200 nm, wherein d represents the thickness of the film, nx the maximum refractive index within the plane of the retardation film, ny the refractive index in a direction perpendicular to nx, and nz the refractive index in the thickness direction of the retardation film.

Abstract: The touch panel for use in a liquid crystal display device has a rigid electrode plate composed of a rigid transparent substrate provided with a transparent conductive layer on its upper surface, and a flexible electrode plate composed of a transparent and flexible substrate provided with a transparent conductive layer on its lower surface. On the upper surface of the flexible electrode plate, a polarizer plate is fixed. The flexible transparent substrate includes a transparent film of a transparent amorphous plastic material having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or higher, and the transparent film has a relative optical elasticity coefficient Cr value of 0.2 to 0.8 defined by the formula: Cr=C/Cpc where C represents an optical elasticity coefficient of the transparent film and Cpc represents an optical elasticity coefficient of a polycarbonate film derived from bisphenol A.

Abstract: An optical plastic laminated sheet excellent in heat resistance and transparency is disclosed, which comprises a laminate of at one first layer of an optically transparent polymer and a second layer of an optically transparent polymer having a lower glass transition temperature than that of the first layer polymer.The laminated sheet possesses excellent impact strength and rigidity as well as excellent optical properties and is useful as a substance in the field of photoelectronics.

Abstract: In a mist recovering apparatus for recovering a mist contained in a gas, provided with a filter having pores of pore size increasing from a gas inlet side toward a gas outlet side, the gas containing the mist is passed from the gas inlet side of the filter, through the filter toward the gas outlet side of the filter. The mist is trapped by the filter and grows into droplets as the gas containing the mist flows through the filter, and the droplets drip down along the gas outlet surface of the filter and are collected under the filter.

Abstract: A substrate of electrode for liquid crystal which comprises a substrate film for liquid crystal comprising an aromatic polyester or a polycarbonate which contains, as a bisphenol component, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-alkylcycloalkane, 1,1-bis(3-substituted-4-hydroxyphenyl)-alkylcycloalkane and 1,1-bis(3,5-substituted-4-hydroxyphenyl)-alkylcycloalkane, and a transparent electrode for liquid crystal which is provided on at least one surface of the film. It has a high heat resistance, a low retardation and a low variation of the retardation thereof with heating.

Abstract: The invention presents a low calorie food material in dry granular state containing a starch such as processed starch, and a dextrine, a konjak mannan or other gelling agent, and a cellulose powder or other white turbid matter.The food material becomes, when water is added, a rice-like food possessing the same appearance and properties as cooked rice.

Abstract: A transparent film having birefringence comprising an amorphous aromatic polymer as a main component is disclosed. The film is produced by uniaxially stretching a film of an amorphous aromatic polymer. The film exhibits high transparency, high heat resistance, and heat distortion resistance, and its birefringence does not undergo changes with time.

Abstract: A process for producing an artificial leather having excellent touch, appearance and full-hand similar to that of natural leather and having further excellent softness and surface strength, which comprises coating a composition comprising an urethane prepolymer, a combination of catalysts and a foam stabilizer and including a plurality of extremely fine cells (foams) of an inert gas, onto a release paper or a layer of a surface treating agent coated on a release paper in a specified thickness; subjecting the resultant to a steam treatment under a specified atmosphere; laminating a base sheet onto the coating layer under pressure; subjecting the laminated product to a heat treatment at a specified temperature, and then peeling off the release paper, and optionally further treating the product with a surface treating agent.