Abstract: A process of producing a three-dimensionally shaped object comprising a layer forming step of forming a powder material having a refractive index n1 into a layer having a prescribed thickness on a support, a cross-sectional shape forming step of binding the layer of the powder material formed in the foregoing step into a prescribed cross-sectional shape with a binding agent having a refractive index n2; and repeating these steps successively, wherein n1 and n2 satisfy the relationship of ?0.1?(n1?n2)?0.1.

Abstract: An ink jet printing method which comprises: directly forming an image on a printing medium on the basis of signals of image data; and fixing the image to produce a printed matter, wherein said image formation is carried out by an ink jet system of ejecting an oily ink by an electrostatic field. The method preferably further comprises cleaning an ink jet head, said cleaning step comprising: immersing said ink jet head in a cleaning solution; and applying voltage to said ink jet head. Alternatively, the method preferably further comprises, when a malfunction happens, either or both of stopping the image formation and eliminating a cause of the malfunction. Also disclosed are printing apparatuses suitably used for these methods.

Abstract: An on-press recording type lithographic printing method comprising mounting a plate material on a plate cylinder of a press, ejecting an oil-based ink onto the plate material from a recording head having a plurality of ejection channels utilizing an electrostatic field according to signals of image data to directly form an image on the surface of the plate material and prepare a printing plate, and then effecting the lithographic printing using the printing plate as it is, wherein the distance of the ejection channels is 170 &mgr;m, or more (150 dpi (150 dots per inch) or less as calculated in terms of resolution of recorded image).

Abstract: A process of producing a three-dimensionally shaped object comprising a layer forming step of forming a powder material having a refractive index n1 into a layer having a prescribed thickness on a support, a cross-sectional shape forming step of binding the layer of the powder material formed in the foregoing step into a prescribed cross-sectional shape with a binding agent having a refractive index n2; and repeating these steps successively, wherein n1 and n2 satisfy the relationship of −0.1≦(n1-n2)≦0.1.

Abstract: An ink jet printing process for forming an image directly on a printing medium by an electrostatic ink jet method of ejecting an oil ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data and preparing a printed matter by fixing the image and an ink jet printing apparatus comprising image-forming means of forming an image directly on a printing medium based on signals of image data and image-fixing means of fixing the image formed by the image-forming means to obtain a printed matter, the image-forming means being an ink jet drawing device of ejecting an oil ink from an ejection head using electrostatic field.

Abstract: Inkjet printing method having the following steps: ejecting an oily ink comprising particles to a printing medium with use of an electrostatic field according to image data signals to form an image directly on the printing medium; and fixing the image to obtain a printed matter, wherein a prevention of an aggregation and/or a precipitation of the particles is conducted at least during ink circulation, or an aggregate and/or a deposit of the particles formed at least due to a suspension of ink-flow is redispersed.

Abstract: A printing process for preparing a printed matter comprising: forming an image on the surface of an image carrier by an ink jet method comprising ejecting an oil-based ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data; and contact-transferring the image formed on the image carrier onto a printing medium to prepare a printed matter. Also disclosed is a printing apparatus suitable for the process.

Abstract: An on-press recording type lithographic printing method involving an ink jet process which comprises ejecting an oil-based ink onto a printing plate material mounted on the plate cylinder of a press utilizing an electrostatic field according to signals of image data, whereby an image is directly formed on the surface of said printing plate precursor, thereby preparing a printing plate which is then used as it is to effect lithographic printing, characterized in that when any abnormality occurs, the formation of image is suspended and/or the cause of abnormality is removed.

Abstract: Inkjet printing method comprising: ejecting an oily ink comprising particles to a printing medium with use of an electrostatic field according to image data signals to form an image directly on the printing medium; and fixing the image to obtain a printed matter, wherein a prevention of an aggregation and/or a precipitation of the particles is conducted at least during ink circulation, or an aggregate and/or a deposit of the particles formed at least due to a suspension of ink-flow is redispersed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plate-making method and a computer-to-cylinder type lithographic printing method, each of which comprises filtering an oil-based ink; forming an image directly on a plate material by an ink jet process comprising ejecting said filtered oil-based ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data; and fixing said formed image to prepare a printing plate. Also disclosed are a plate-making apparatus and a computer-to-cylinder type lithographic printing method suitable for these methods, respectively.

Abstract: An ink jet printing process for forming an image directly on a printing medium by an electrostatic ink jet method of ejecting an oil ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data and preparing a printed matter by fixing the image and an ink jet printing apparatus comprising image-forming means of forming an image directly on a printing medium based on signals of image data and image-fixing means of fixing the image formed by the image-forming means to obtain a printed matter, the image-forming means being an ink jet drawing device of ejecting an oil ink from an ejection head using electrostatic field.

Abstract: An ink jet plate-making method comprising: forming an image directly on a plate material by an electrostatic ink jet method comprising ejecting an oil ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data; and fixing said image to manufacture a printing plate, wherein said process uses: an ink tank for storing said oil ink, an ink circulation line for stirring the oil ink stored in said ink tank, and an ink feed line for feeding said oil ink to an ink jet ejection head, branched from said ink circulation line, and wherein the ink is circulated to said ink circulation line and thereby stirring of the ink stored in said ink tank and feeding of the ink to said ink jet ejection head are simultaneously performed.

Abstract: A plate-making method for forming an image based on signals of image data directly on a printing plate precursor by an ink jet recording method in which oil-based ink is ejected utilizing an electrostatic field and fixing the image, thereby preparing a printing plate. A plate-making apparatus of the invention includes an image former for forming an image based on signals of image data directly on a printing plate precursor and an image fixer for fixing the image formed by the image-former to prepare a printing plate, wherein the image-former is an ink jet recording device which ejects oil-based ink utilizing an electrostatic field from an ejection head.

Abstract: A plate-making method comprising: forming an image directly on a plate material by an ink jet process of ejecting an oil ink using an electrostatic field based on signals of image data; and fixing the image to prepare a printing plate, wherein prevention of coagulation and/or precipitation of the oil ink particles is performed at least in a circulation of the oil ink, and an on-press drawing lithographic printing method comprising: attaching a plate material onto a plate cylinder of a press; forming an image directly on the plate material by an ink jet process of ejecting an oil ink from a recording head using an electrostatic field based on signals of image data to prepare a printing plate; and performing lithographic printing using the printing plate in that state, wherein prevention of coagulation and/or precipitation of the oil ink particles is performed at least in a circulation of the oil ink.

Abstract: An ink jet printing process for forming an image directly on a printing medium by an electrostatic ink jet method of ejecting an oil ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data and preparing a printed matter by fixing the image and an ink jet printing apparatus comprising image-forming means of forming an image directly on a printing medium based on signals of image data and image-fixing means of fixing the image formed by the image-forming means to obtain a printed matter, the image-forming means being an ink jet drawing device of ejecting an oil ink from an ejection head using electrostatic field.

Abstract: A method of computer-to-cylinder type lithographic printing comprising: loading a plate material on a plate cylinder of a printing apparatus; forming an image, based on image data signal, directly onto the plate material by an inkjet image-recording process comprising ejecting an oil-based ink from a recording head; heat-fixing the thus formed inkjet image to prepare a printing plate; and performing lithographic printing with the thus prepared printing plate, wherein said heat fixing step comprises heating with a heat roller. In a preferred embodiment, said heat-fixing step further comprises preliminary heating prior to said heating with the heat roller. Also disclosed are computer-to-cylinder type lithographic printing apparatuses for carrying out the printing methods.

Abstract: An ink jet plate-making method comprising: forming an image directly on a plate material by an electrostatic ink jet method comprising ejecting an oil ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data; and fixing said image to manufacture a printing plate, wherein said process uses: an ink tank for storing said oil ink, an ink circulation line for stirring the oil ink stored in said ink tank, and an ink feed line for feeding said oil ink to an ink jet ejection head, branched from said ink circulation line, and wherein the ink is circulated to said ink circulation line and thereby stirring of the ink stored in said ink tank and feeding of the ink to said ink jet ejection head are simultaneously performed.

Abstract: An ink jet printing process for forming an image directly on a printing medium by an electrostatic ink jet method of ejecting an oil ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data and preparing a printed matter by fixing the image and an ink jet printing apparatus comprising image-forming means of forming an image directly on a printing medium based on signals of image data and image-fixing means of fixing the image formed by the image-forming means to obtain a printed matter, the image-forming means being an ink jet drawing device of ejecting an oil ink from an ejection head using electrostatic field.

Abstract: A printing process for preparing a printed matter comprising: forming an image on the surface of an image carrier by an ink jet method comprising ejecting an oil-based ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data; and contact-transferring the image formed on the image carrier onto a printing medium to prepare a printed matter. Also disclosed is a printing apparatus suitable for the process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plate-making method and a computer-to-cylinder type lithographic printing method, each of which comprises filtering an oil-based ink; forming an image directly on a plate material by an ink jet process comprising ejecting said filtered oil-based ink using electrostatic field based on signals of image data; and fixing said formed image to prepare a printing plate. Also disclosed are a plate-making apparatus and a computer-to-cylinder type lithographic printing method suitable for these methods, respectively.