Abstract: A polymer is disposed through a nanopore that encodes a polynucleotide's sequence and includes monomer units that encode nucleotides and include first and second reporter moieties and first and second arresting constructs. The first reporter moiety is translocated into the nanopore's aperture, where a first value of an electrical property of the first reporter moiety is measured while the first arresting construct pauses translocation. The second reporter moiety is translocated into the aperture, where a second value of an electrical property of the second reporter moiety is measured while the second arresting construct pauses translocation. The first value and the second value for each monomer unit is used to identify the nucleotide encoded by that monomer unit; and distinguish the nucleotide encoded by that monomer unit from the nucleotides encoded by adjacent monomer units, including by those that encode the same type of nucleotide as that monomer unit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to nucleotide and nucleoside molecules with an optionally substituted 3?vinyl blocking group. Also provided herein are methods to prepare such nucleotide and nucleoside molecules. Additionally, the present disclosure provides methods of using such blocked nucleosides and nucleotides in oligonucleotide synthesis and sequencing.