Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a gateway call routing system used to route calls, wherein the gateway connects a PSTN and the Internet. The call routing system includes a first computer connection module for connecting to a computer terminal, such as an Internet voice terminal, of a calling party, and a first phone connection module for connecting to a phone terminal of the calling party. In addition, the call routing system includes a second computer connection module for connecting to a computer terminal of a called party, and a second phone connection module for connecting to a phone terminal of the called party.

Abstract: The present invention is related to methods and apparatus that provide an Internet telecommunications operating system (iTOS) that provides software developers with an intermediate layer to assist in the development of telecommunications applications for the Internet. One embodiment of the present invention includes APIs adapted to communicate with the underlying general operating system and the underlying hardware such that a higher-level application written for use with the iTOS is portable. The iTOS automatically detects and allocates locally and remotely available hardware resources, thereby insulating the higher-level application from having to search and detect hardware. In addition, the iTOS can further include redundancy features, such as the dynamic reallocation of resources and the automatic reconfiguration of malfunctioning or overloaded hardware, thereby enhancing the robustness of a related telecommunications network as a whole.

Abstract: An XOR code, and serially concatenated encoder/decoder are provided. The XOR code, in which input information bits are combined according to a combination order determined by a user and encoded at a code rate r by a modulo-2 operation, where 0<r≦1 The XOR code is linear-time encodable and decodable. Furthermore, since the serially concatenated encoder does not require an interleaver, input information bits can be encoded and then transmitted without a delay corresponding to the processing time of an interleaver.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided in which a circuit board is mounted in a leader board via retaining elements that are coupled to a base, and wherein one or more support elements further support the circuit board.