Abstract: A system for simulating operation of a battery pack comprising a plurality of battery modules includes an electrical model configured to simulate electrical behavior of a respective battery module and a thermal model configured to simulate thermal behavior of the respective battery module. The electrical model provides outputs coupled as inputs to the thermal model, and the thermal model provides outputs coupled as inputs to the electrical model. A coolant model is configured to couple with the thermal model, the coolant model to simulate cooling of the respective battery module based on a temperature and a heat transfer coefficient associated with the respective battery module.

Abstract: A system. The system includes a computing device having a processor, and a causality checker module communicably connected to the processor. The causality checker module is configured to utilize a rational function approximation to a frequency response to determine if a transfer function of a linear time invariant system is causal.

Abstract: A system. The system includes a computing device having a processor, and a causality checker module communicably connected to the processor. The causality checker module is configured to utilize a rational function approximation to a frequency response to determine if a transfer function of a linear time invariant system is causal.

Abstract: A method of defining such a storage format in multiple data storage devices, each data storage device having a plurality of storage media and a plurality of corresponding data transducer heads, each transducer head for recording on and playback of information from a corresponding storage medium in at least one zone, wherein each zone includes a plurality of concentric tracks for recording on and playback of information.

Abstract: A method for constructing and linearizing a position error signal (PES) derived from primary and quadrature servo burst pairs in an embedded servo disk drive. The construction method mathematically provides predetermined transition values at the commutation positions connecting adjacent PES segments so that the overall, indicated position signal is numerically continuous from segment to segment. The linearization method compensates for nonlinearity in the PES segments, and thereby in the indicated position signal, without affecting the predetermined transition values at all, or by modifying the predetermined transition values while maintaining continuity.