Abstract: The nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped crystalline carbon materials are prepared by a template-free method that includes pyrolizing a precursor mixture including a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and a phosphorus source. The method involves mixing known amounts of the precursor components, dissolving the precursor mixture in deionized water, distilling solvent from the aqueous mixture, and vacuum drying the residue to a dry solid mixture. The mixture is then carbonized by pyrolysis at 900° C. in an argon atmosphere to obtain a nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped crystalline carbon material. The principles of the method are illustrated by a precursor mixture of sucrose, urea, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4). The amount of ammonium salt in the precursor mixture plays a key role in controlling the crystallinity, morphology, and composition of the N/P co-doped crystalline carbon material.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions without producing any toxic by-products. The process uses the superoxide ion that is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in ionic liquids or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in ionic liquids.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions without producing any toxic by-products. The process uses the superoxide ion that is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in deep eutectic solvents or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in deep eutectic solvents.

Abstract: A wound healing device includes a mat of aligned nanofibers of polyaniline, o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and chitsosan oligossacaride. Method for fabricating the mat and treating wounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions without producing any toxic by-products. The process uses the superoxide ion that is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in ionic liquids or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in ionic liquids.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions without producing any toxic by-products. The process uses the superoxide ion that is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in deep eutectic solvents or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in deep eutectic solvents.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable method for the preparation of reactive superoxide ion in deep eutectic solvents (DES). The superoxide ion can be used for many applications, e.g. the degradation of hazardous chemicals at ambient conditions or in the synthesis of some special chemicals, e.g. carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones from the corresponding alcohols. The superoxide ion can be formed by either the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in DES or by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in DES, with/without chemicals used for the enhancement of the solubility of the metal superoxide in the DES, e.g. crown ethers.

Abstract: A process for separating fructose and glucose from mixtures of fructose and glucose from a liquid phase feed solution or a solid mixture containing the fructose and glucose is disclosed. The process implements ionic liquids as selective solvents that dissolve fructose and glucose in large quantities, but at different proportions which are then separated by filtration into a precipitate and a solution of ionic liquid enriched with the other sugar. The process also involves separation of the sugars from the ionic liquid enriched with the other sugar which is accomplished by one of various processes such as extraction with water in a centrifuge or cooling to reduce the solubility of sugar and then filtration. The ionic liquid is then recycled.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of halogenated hydrocarbons, their homologous/analogues, and similar hazardous chemicals at ambient conditions using superoxide ion in deep eutectic solvents. The superoxide ion is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in deep eutectic solvents or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in deep eutectic solvents.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable method for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in deep eutectic solvents (DES). H2O2 is then used for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions in DES without producing any toxic by-products. Furthermore, H2O2 has been used for the destruction of small to large quantities of halogenated hydrocarbons, their homologous/analogues, and similar hazardous chemicals at ambient conditions. H2O2 can be formed by either the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in DES in the presence of water or by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in DES in the presence of water, with/without chemicals used for the enhancement of the solubility of the metal superoxide in the DES, e.g. crown ethers.

Abstract: A process for separating fructose and glucose from mixtures of fructose and glucose from a liquid phase feed solution or a solid mixture containing the fructose and glucose is disclosed. The process implements ionic liquids as selective solvents that dissolve fructose and glucose in large quantities, but at different proportions which are then separated by filtration into a precipitate and a solution of ionic liquid enriched with the other sugar. The process also involves separation of the sugars from the ionic liquid enriched with the other sugar which is accomplished by one of various processes such as extraction with water in a centrifuge or cooling to reduce the solubility of sugar and then filtration. The ionic liquid is then recycled.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable method for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in deep eutectic solvents (DES). H2O2 is then used for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions in DES without producing any toxic by-products. Furthermore, H2O2 has been used for the destruction of small to large quantities of halogenated hydrocarbons, their homologous/analogues, and similar hazardous chemicals at ambient conditions. H2O2 can be formed by either the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in DES in the presence of water or by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in DES in the presence of water, with/without chemicals used for the enhancement of the solubility of the metal superoxide in the DES, e.g. crown ethers.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable method for the preparation of reactive superoxide ion in deep eutectic solvents (DES). The superoxide ion can be used for many applications, e.g. the degradation of hazardous chemicals at ambient conditions or in the synthesis of some special chemicals, e.g. carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones from the corresponding alcohols. The superoxide ion can be formed by either the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in DES or by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in DES, with/without chemicals used for the enhancement of the solubility of the metal superoxide in the DES, e.g. crown ethers.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of halogenated hydrocarbons, their homologous/analogues, and similar hazardous chemicals at ambient conditions using superoxide ion in deep eutectic solvents. The superoxide ion is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in deep eutectic solvents or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in deep eutectic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst composition for the production of olefins by oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, and of using such catalyst compositions. The catalysts of the present invention include compositions of the formula: XxYyWOz wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr; Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, Ti, C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb; x is 0.5-2.5; y is 0.05-5; and z is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valancy of X, Y, and W in said composition. The methods and catalysts of the present invention are specifically useful for the combined production of propene and isobutene at relatively high conversion, selectivity, and productivity, and with minimal side products.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of alkane hydrocarbons is disclosed. The process comprises contacting an alkane with a chromium-based dehydrogenation catalyst in the presence of molecular oxygen at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 700° C., a pressure of from about 0.1 to about 10 atmospheres, wherein the alkane to oxygen molar ratio is between about 1:0.0001 to 1:0.04.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of alkane hydrocarbons is disclosed. The process comprises contacting an alkane with a chromium-based dehydrogenation catalyst in the presence of molecular oxygen at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 700° C., a pressure of from about 0.1 to about 10 atmospheres, wherein the alkane to oxygen molar ratio is between about 1:0.0001 to 1:0.04.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst composition for the production of olefins by oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, and of using such catalyst compositions.

Abstract: A new catalyst system is disclosed for the production of olefins through oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons. The catalyst system having the atomic ratios described by the empirical formula BiaNi Ob/Al2O3.