Abstract: A communications system may include a user equipment (UE) device that communicates with a network. The UE may gather first contextual information about usage of the UE device, may receive second contextual information about usage of the network, and may receive third contextual information about usage of additional UE devices. The UE may run an application that requests wireless data transfer. The UE may train a learning model based on the contextual information. The UE may make a network connectivity decision based on the contextual information, the learning model, and a data sensitivity of the application. Once the connectivity decision is made, signals may be conveyed to implement the decision. Performing the connectivity decision on the UE instead of the network may allow the UE and the network to take full advantage of contextual learning in different use cases to optimize performance of both the UE and the network.

Abstract: A network may include user equipment (UE) devices and a base station that communicates using a control unit (CU) and a data unit (DU). A primary UE may duplicate the DU and a subset of control functions of the CU. When the DU on the primary UE is active, the base station and primary UE may effectuate a split or bearer duplication of the DU at the RLC/PDCP/MAC layer between the primary UE and the base station. Data may be concurrently routed data through the primary UE using inter-UE links and direct cellular telephone links to the base station. When the subset of the control functions of the CU are active on the primary UE, the device may perform RRC functions, MAC control functions, RLC control functions, or other control functions to generate information for use by the base station in updating communications.