Abstract: Cell co-culturing methods and arrays providing versatility and high resolution. A method comprising: providing at least one substrate; providing at least one first tip with at least one first cell-adhesion material disposed thereon, and at least one second tip with at least one second cell-adhesion material disposed thereon, wherein the first cell-adhesion material is different from the second cell-adhesion material; depositing the first cell-adhesion material from the first tip to the substrate to form at least one first deposit, and depositing the second cell-adhesion material from the second tip to the substrate to form at least one second deposit; and wherein the first and second deposits are capable of providing selective binding to at least one first cell so that the first cell selectively binds to the first deposit, and wherein the second deposit is capable of binding to at least one second cell.

Abstract: Multiplexed printing and sensors for biological applications. Sensors can be made with high sensitivity and by high throughput methods. Multiple capture molecules can be applied to the same or different sensor elements such as cantilevers. The sensor element can be a microcantilever. Direct write lithography from nanoscopic tips can be used to make the sensor. Proteins and hydrogels can be printed. Specific binding can be detected.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and apparatus for the detection of a target material. The method and apparatus includes providing a substrate with a surface and forming a domains of deposited materials thereon. The deposited material can be placed on the surface and bound directly and non-specifically to the surface, or it may be specifically or non-specifically bound to the surface. The deposited material has an affinity for a specific target material. The domains thus created are termed affinity domains or deposition domains. Multiple affinity domains of deposited materials can be deposited on a single surface, creating a plurality of specific binding affinity domains for a plurality of target materials. Target materials may include, for example, pathogens or pathogenic markers such as viruses, bacteria, bacterial spores, parasites, prions, fungi, mold or pollen spores.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and apparatus for the detection of a target material. The method and apparatus includes providing a substrate with a surface and forming a domains of deposited materials thereon. The deposited material can be placed on the surface and bound directly and non-specifically to the surface, or it may be specifically or non-specifically bound to the surface. The deposited material has an affinity for a specific target material. The domains thus created are termed affinity domains or deposition domains. Multiple affinity domains of deposited materials can be deposited on a single surface, creating a plurality of specific binding affinity domains for a plurality of target materials. Target materials may include, for example, pathogens or pathogenic markers such as viruses, bacteria, bacterial spores, parasites, prions, fungi, mold or pollen spores.